<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">arthyper</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Артериальная гипертензия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>"Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension")</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-419X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-8524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Antihypertensive League</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">arthyper-1083</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рекомендации по отбору и ведению спортсменов с сердечно сосудистыми заболеваниями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Recommendations for competitive sports participation in athletes with cardiovascular disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Статья</surname><given-names>Редакционная</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Article</surname><given-names>Editorial</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2006</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2006</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>289</fpage><lpage>318</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Статья Р., 2006</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2006</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Статья Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Article E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/1083">https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/1083</self-uri></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corrado D., Pelliccia A., B|ornstad Н.Н., Vanhees L., Biffi A., Borjesson M., Panhuyzen-Goedkoop N., Deligiannis A., Solberg E., Dugmore D., Mellwig K.P., Assanelh D., Delise P., van-Buuren F., Anastasakis A., Heidbuchel H., Hoffman E., Fagard R., Priori S., Basso С., Arbustmi E., Blomstrom-Lundvist C., McKenna W.J., Thiene G. Cardiovascular pre-participation screening of young competitive athletes for prevention of sudden death proposal for a common European protocol Consensus Statement of the Study Group of Sport Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology Eur Heart J 2005,26 516-524 First published online ahead of print February 2, 2005, doi 10 1093/eurheartj/ehil08</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corrado D., Pelliccia A., B|ornstad Н.Н., Vanhees L., Biffi A., Borjesson M., Panhuyzen-Goedkoop N., Deligiannis A., Solberg E., Dugmore D., Mellwig K.P., Assanelh D., Delise P., van-Buuren F., Anastasakis A., Heidbuchel H., Hoffman E., Fagard R., Priori S., Basso С., Arbustmi E., Blomstrom-Lundvist C., McKenna W.J., Thiene G. Cardiovascular pre-participation screening of young competitive athletes for prevention of sudden death proposal for a common European protocol Consensus Statement of the Study Group of Sport Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology Eur Heart J 2005,26 516-524 First published online ahead of print February 2, 2005, doi 10 1093/eurheartj/ehil08</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corrado D., Basso C., Rizzoli G., Schiavon M., Thiene G., Does sport activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults? j Am Coll Cardiol 2003,42 1959-1963</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corrado D., Basso C., Rizzoli G., Schiavon M., Thiene G., Does sport activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults? j Am Coll Cardiol 2003,42 1959-1963</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron B.J., Zipes D.P. 36th Bethesda Conference eligibility recommendations for competetive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities J Am Coll Cardiol doi 10 1016/j jacc 2005 02 004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron B.J., Zipes D.P. 36th Bethesda Conference eligibility recommendations for competetive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities J Am Coll Cardiol doi 10 1016/j jacc 2005 02 004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Organizing Cardiological Committee on Eligibility for Sports (COCIS) Italian Cardiological Guidelines on Determining Eligibility for Competitive Sports Rome CESI, 2003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Organizing Cardiological Committee on Eligibility for Sports (COCIS) Italian Cardiological Guidelines on Determining Eligibility for Competitive Sports Rome CESI, 2003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitchell J., Haskell W.L., Raven P.B. Classification of sports J Am Coll Cardiol 1994,24 864-866</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitchell J., Haskell W.L., Raven P.B. Classification of sports J Am Coll Cardiol 1994,24 864-866</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dent J.M. Congenital heart disease and exercise Clin Sports Med 2003,22 81-99</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dent J.M. Congenital heart disease and exercise Clin Sports Med 2003,22 81-99</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fredriksen P.M., Kahrs N., Blaasvaer S., Sigurdsen E., Gundersen О., Roeksund O., Norgaand G., Vik J.T., Soerbye O., Ingjer E., Thaulow E. Effect of physical training m children and adolescents with congenital heart disease Cardiol Young 2000,10 107-114</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fredriksen P.M., Kahrs N., Blaasvaer S., Sigurdsen E., Gundersen О., Roeksund O., Norgaand G., Vik J.T., Soerbye O., Ingjer E., Thaulow E. Effect of physical training m children and adolescents with congenital heart disease Cardiol Young 2000,10 107-114</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gatzouhs M.A., Webb G.D., Daubeney P.E.F. Diagnosis and Management of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Churchill Livingston, Philadelphia, 2003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gatzouhs M.A., Webb G.D., Daubeney P.E.F. Diagnosis and Management of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Churchill Livingston, Philadelphia, 2003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deanfield J., Thaulow E., Warnes C., Webb G., Kolbel F., Hoffman A., Sorenson K., Kaemmer H., Thilen U., Bmk-Boelkens M., Iserin L., Dahento L., Silove E., Redington A., Vouhe P., Priori S., Alonso M.A., Blanc J.J., Budaj A., Cowie M., Deckers J., Fernandez Burgos E., Lekakis J., Lmdahl B., Mazzotta G., Morais J., Oto A., Smiseth O., Trappe H.J., Klein W., Blomstrom-Lundqvist C., de Backer G., Hiadec J., Mazzotta G., Parkhomenko A., Presbitero P., Recommendations for competitive sports participation 1445 Torbicki A., Task Force on the Management of Grown, Up Congenital Heart Disease, European Society of Cardiology, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines Management of grown up congenital heart disease Eur Heart J 2003,24 1035-1084</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deanfield J., Thaulow E., Warnes C., Webb G., Kolbel F., Hoffman A., Sorenson K., Kaemmer H., Thilen U., Bmk-Boelkens M., Iserin L., Dahento L., Silove E., Redington A., Vouhe P., Priori S., Alonso M.A., Blanc J.J., Budaj A., Cowie M., Deckers J., Fernandez Burgos E., Lekakis J., Lmdahl B., Mazzotta G., Morais J., Oto A., Smiseth O., Trappe H.J., Klein W., Blomstrom-Lundqvist C., de Backer G., Hiadec J., Mazzotta G., Parkhomenko A., Presbitero P., Recommendations for competitive sports participation 1445 Torbicki A., Task Force on the Management of Grown, Up Congenital Heart Disease, European Society of Cardiology, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines Management of grown up congenital heart disease Eur Heart J 2003,24 1035-1084</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garson A. Sudden death in a pediatric cardiology population, 1958 to 1983 Relation to prior arrhythmias J Am Coll Cardiol 1985,5 134B-137B</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garson A. Sudden death in a pediatric cardiology population, 1958 to 1983 Relation to prior arrhythmias J Am Coll Cardiol 1985,5 134B-137B</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wessel H.U., Paul M.H. Exercise studies in tetralogy of Fallot a review Pediatr Cardiol 1999 20 39-47</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wessel H.U., Paul M.H. Exercise studies in tetralogy of Fallot a review Pediatr Cardiol 1999 20 39-47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ikawa S., Shimazaki Y., Nakano S., Kobayashi J., Matsuda H., Kawashima Y. Pulmonary vascular resistance during exercise late after repair of large ventricular septal defects Relation to age at the time of repair J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995,109 1218-1224</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ikawa S., Shimazaki Y., Nakano S., Kobayashi J., Matsuda H., Kawashima Y. Pulmonary vascular resistance during exercise late after repair of large ventricular septal defects Relation to age at the time of repair J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995,109 1218-1224</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koenig P.R., Mays W., Khoury P., James F.W., Daniels S.R. The use of exercise testing as a noninvasive measure of the severity of pulmonary stenosis Pediatr Cardiol 1997,18 453-454</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koenig P.R., Mays W., Khoury P., James F.W., Daniels S.R. The use of exercise testing as a noninvasive measure of the severity of pulmonary stenosis Pediatr Cardiol 1997,18 453-454</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaasch W.H., Eisenhauer A.C. The management of mitral valve disease Curr Opm Cardiol 1996,11 114-119</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaasch W.H., Eisenhauer A.C. The management of mitral valve disease Curr Opm Cardiol 1996,11 114-119</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanada J., Komaki S., Sannou K., Tokiwa F., Kodera K., Terada H., Harubyu N., Tanaka Y., Arima T. Significance of atrial fibrillation, left atnal thrombus and seventy of stenosis for risk of systemic embolism in patients with mitral stenosis J Cardiol 1999,33 1-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanada J., Komaki S., Sannou K., Tokiwa F., Kodera K., Terada H., Harubyu N., Tanaka Y., Arima T. Significance of atrial fibrillation, left atnal thrombus and seventy of stenosis for risk of systemic embolism in patients with mitral stenosis J Cardiol 1999,33 1-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatle L. Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of mitral stenosis Cardiol Clin 1990,8 233-247</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hatle L. Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of mitral stenosis Cardiol Clin 1990,8 233-247</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohr-Kahaly S., Erbel R., Zenker G., Drexlcr M., Wittlich N., Schaudig M., Bohlander M., Esser M., Meyer J. Semiquantitative grading of mitral regurgitation by color-coded Doppler echocardiography Int J Cardiol 1989,23 223-230</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohr-Kahaly S., Erbel R., Zenker G., Drexlcr M., Wittlich N., Schaudig M., Bohlander M., Esser M., Meyer J. Semiquantitative grading of mitral regurgitation by color-coded Doppler echocardiography Int J Cardiol 1989,23 223-230</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazur W., Nagueh S.F. Echocardiographic evaluation of mitral regurgitation Curr Opm Cardiol 2001,16 246-250</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazur W., Nagueh S.F. Echocardiographic evaluation of mitral regurgitation Curr Opm Cardiol 2001,16 246-250</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galan A., Zoghbi W.A., Quinones M.A. Determination of severity of valvular aortic stenosis by Doppler echocardiography and relation of findings to clinical outcome and agreement with hemodynamic measurements determined at cardiac catheterization Am J Cardiol 1991,67 1007-1012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galan A., Zoghbi W.A., Quinones M.A. Determination of severity of valvular aortic stenosis by Doppler echocardiography and relation of findings to clinical outcome and agreement with hemodynamic measurements determined at cardiac catheterization Am J Cardiol 1991,67 1007-1012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenhek R., Binder T., Porenta G., Lang I., Christ G., Schemper M., Maurer G., Baumgartner H. Predictors of outcome in severe, asymptomatic aortic stenosis N Engl J Med 2000,343 611-617</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenhek R., Binder T., Porenta G., Lang I., Christ G., Schemper M., Maurer G., Baumgartner H. Predictors of outcome in severe, asymptomatic aortic stenosis N Engl J Med 2000,343 611-617</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borer J.S., Bonow R.O. Contemporary approach to aortic and mitral regurgitation Circulation 2003,108 2432-2438</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borer J.S., Bonow R.O. Contemporary approach to aortic and mitral regurgitation Circulation 2003,108 2432-2438</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim H.J., Park S.W., Cho B.R., Hong S.H., Park P.W., Hong K.P. The role of cardiopulmonary exercise test in mitral and aortic regurgitation it can predict post-operative results Korean J Intern Med 2003,18 35-39</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim H.J., Park S.W., Cho B.R., Hong S.H., Park P.W., Hong K.P. The role of cardiopulmonary exercise test in mitral and aortic regurgitation it can predict post-operative results Korean J Intern Med 2003,18 35-39</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonow R.O., Carabello B., de Leon A.C. Jr, Edmunds L.H. Jr, Fedderly B.J., Freed M.D., Gaasch W.H., McKay C.R., Nishimura R.A., O’Gara P.T., O’Rourke R.A., Rahimtoola S.H., Ritchie J.L., Cheitlm M.D., Eagle K.A., Gardner T.J., Garson A.Jr., Gibbons R.J., Russell R.O., Ryan T.J., Smith S.C. Jr. Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease executive summary A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease) Circulation 1998,98 1949-1984</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonow R.O., Carabello B., de Leon A.C. Jr, Edmunds L.H. Jr, Fedderly B.J., Freed M.D., Gaasch W.H., McKay C.R., Nishimura R.A., O’Gara P.T., O’Rourke R.A., Rahimtoola S.H., Ritchie J.L., Cheitlm M.D., Eagle K.A., Gardner T.J., Garson A.Jr., Gibbons R.J., Russell R.O., Ryan T.J., Smith S.C. Jr. Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease executive summary A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease) Circulation 1998,98 1949-1984</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horstkotte D., Niehues R., Schulte H.D., Strauer B.E. Exercise capacity after heart valve replacement Z Kardiol 1994,83 (Suppl 3)111-120</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horstkotte D., Niehues R., Schulte H.D., Strauer B.E. Exercise capacity after heart valve replacement Z Kardiol 1994,83 (Suppl 3)111-120</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Butany J., Privitera S., David T.E. Mitral valve prolapse an atypical variation of the anatomy Can J Cardiol 2003,19 1367-1373</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butany J., Privitera S., David T.E. Mitral valve prolapse an atypical variation of the anatomy Can J Cardiol 2003,19 1367-1373</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furlanello F., Durante G.B., Bcttini R., Vergara G., Disertori M., Cozzi F., Mosna G., Fnsanco L., Musilli О. Risk of arrhythmia in athletes with mitral valve prolapse Cardiologia 1985,30 987-989</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furlanello F., Durante G.B., Bcttini R., Vergara G., Disertori M., Cozzi F., Mosna G., Fnsanco L., Musilli О. Risk of arrhythmia in athletes with mitral valve prolapse Cardiologia 1985,30 987-989</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horstkotte D., Follath F., Gutschik E., Lengycl M., Oto A., Pavie A., Soler-Soler J., Thiene G., von Graevenitz A., Prion S.G., Garcia M.A., Blanc J.J., Budaj A., Cowie M., Dean V., Deckers J., Fernandez Burgos E., Lekakis J., Lindahl B., Mazzotta G., Morais J., Oto A., Smiseth O.A., Lekakis J., Vahanian A., Delahaye F., Parkhomenko A., Filipatos G., Aldershvile J., Vardas P., Task Force Members on Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), Document Reviewers Guidelines on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis executive summary Eur Heart J 2004,25 267-276</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horstkotte D., Follath F., Gutschik E., Lengycl M., Oto A., Pavie A., Soler-Soler J., Thiene G., von Graevenitz A., Prion S.G., Garcia M.A., Blanc J.J., Budaj A., Cowie M., Dean V., Deckers J., Fernandez Burgos E., Lekakis J., Lindahl B., Mazzotta G., Morais J., Oto A., Smiseth O.A., Lekakis J., Vahanian A., Delahaye F., Parkhomenko A., Filipatos G., Aldershvile J., Vardas P., Task Force Members on Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), Document Reviewers Guidelines on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis executive summary Eur Heart J 2004,25 267-276</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron B.J. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy a systematic review JAMA 2002,287 1308-1320</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron B.J. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy a systematic review JAMA 2002,287 1308-1320</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron B.J., Shirani J., Poliac L.C. Sudden death in young competitive athletes Clinical, demographic, and pathological profiles JAMA 1996,276 199-204</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron B.J., Shirani J., Poliac L.C. Sudden death in young competitive athletes Clinical, demographic, and pathological profiles JAMA 1996,276 199-204</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron B.J., Wolfson J.K., Ciro“ E., Spirito P. Relation of electrocardiographic abnormalities and patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy identified by 2-dimensional echocardiography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Am J Cardiol 1983,51 189-194</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron B.J., Wolfson J.K., Ciro“ E., Spirito P. Relation of electrocardiographic abnormalities and patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy identified by 2-dimensional echocardiography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Am J Cardiol 1983,51 189-194</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelliccia A., Maron B.J., Culasso F., Di Paolo F.M., Caselli G., Biffi A., Piovano P. Clinical significance of abnormal electrocardiographic patterns in trained athletes Circulation 2000, 102 278-284</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelliccia A., Maron B.J., Culasso F., Di Paolo F.M., Caselli G., Biffi A., Piovano P. Clinical significance of abnormal electrocardiographic patterns in trained athletes Circulation 2000, 102 278-284</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis J.F., Spirito P., Pelliccia A., Maron B.J. Usefulness of Doppler echocardiographic assessment of diastolic filling in distinguishing ‘athlete’s heart’ from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Am J Cardiol 1992,68 296-300</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis J.F., Spirito P., Pelliccia A., Maron B.J. Usefulness of Doppler echocardiographic assessment of diastolic filling in distinguishing ‘athlete’s heart’ from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Am J Cardiol 1992,68 296-300</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelliccia A., Maron B.J., Spataro A., Proschan M.A., Spirito P. The upper limit of physiologic cardiac hypertrophv in highlv trained elite athletes N Engl J Med 1991,324 295-301</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelliccia A., Maron B.J., Spataro A., Proschan M.A., Spirito P. The upper limit of physiologic cardiac hypertrophv in highlv trained elite athletes N Engl J Med 1991,324 295-301</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron B.J., Pelliccia A., Spataro A., Granata M. Reduction in left ventricular wall thickness after deconditioning in highly trained Olympic athletes Br Heart J 1993,69 125-128</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron B.J., Pelliccia A., Spataro A., Granata M. Reduction in left ventricular wall thickness after deconditioning in highly trained Olympic athletes Br Heart J 1993,69 125-128</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharina S., Elliott P.M., Whyte G., Mahon N., Virdee M.S. Mist B., McKenna W.J. Utility of metabolic exercise testing in distinguishing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from physiologic left ventricular hvpcrtrophy in athletes J Am Coll Cardiol 2000,36 864-870</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharina S., Elliott P.M., Whyte G., Mahon N., Virdee M.S. Mist B., McKenna W.J. Utility of metabolic exercise testing in distinguishing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from physiologic left ventricular hvpcrtrophy in athletes J Am Coll Cardiol 2000,36 864-870</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelliccia A., Maron B.J., Culasso F., Spataro A., Caselli G. The athlete’s heart in women echocardiographic characterization of 600 highly trained and elite female athletes JAMA 1996,276 211-215</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelliccia A., Maron B.J., Culasso F., Spataro A., Caselli G. The athlete’s heart in women echocardiographic characterization of 600 highly trained and elite female athletes JAMA 1996,276 211-215</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron B.J., Moller J.H., Seidman C.E., Vincent G.M., Dietz H.C., Moss A.J., Towbm J.A., Sondheimer H.M., Pyentz R.E., McGee G., Epstein A.E. Impact of laboratory molecular diagnosis on contemporary diagnostic criteria for genetically transmitted cardiovascular diseases Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, long-OT syndrome, and Marfan syndrome Circulation 1998 98 1460-1471</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron B.J., Moller J.H., Seidman C.E., Vincent G.M., Dietz H.C., Moss A.J., Towbm J.A., Sondheimer H.M., Pyentz R.E., McGee G., Epstein A.E. Impact of laboratory molecular diagnosis on contemporary diagnostic criteria for genetically transmitted cardiovascular diseases Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, long-OT syndrome, and Marfan syndrome Circulation 1998 98 1460-1471</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Priori S.G., Barhanin J., Hauer R.N., Haverkamp W., Jongsma H.J., Kleber A.G., McKenna W.J., Roden D.M., Rudy Y., Schwartz K., Schwartz P.J., Towbm J.A., Wilde A. Genetic and molecular basis of cardiac arrhythmias Impact on clinical management Eur Heart J 1999,20 174-195</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Priori S.G., Barhanin J., Hauer R.N., Haverkamp W., Jongsma H.J., Kleber A.G., McKenna W.J., Roden D.M., Rudy Y., Schwartz K., Schwartz P.J., Towbm J.A., Wilde A. Genetic and molecular basis of cardiac arrhythmias Impact on clinical management Eur Heart J 1999,20 174-195</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gavazzi A., De Maria R., Rcnosto G., Moro A., Borgia M., Caroli A., Castelli G., Ciaccheri M., Pavan D., De Vita С. The spectrum of left ventricular size in dilated cardiomvopathv Clinical correlates and prognostic implications Ain Heart J 1993,125 410-422</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavazzi A., De Maria R., Rcnosto G., Moro A., Borgia M., Caroli A., Castelli G., Ciaccheri M., Pavan D., De Vita С. The spectrum of left ventricular size in dilated cardiomvopathv Clinical correlates and prognostic implications Ain Heart J 1993,125 410-422</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelliccia A., Culasso F., Di Paolo F.M., Maron B.J. Physiologic left ventricular cavity dilatation in elite athletes Ann Intern Med 1999,130 23-31</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelliccia A., Culasso F., Di Paolo F.M., Maron B.J. Physiologic left ventricular cavity dilatation in elite athletes Ann Intern Med 1999,130 23-31</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McKenna W.J., Thiene G., Nava A., Fontahran F., Blomstrom-Lundqvist C., Fontaine G., Camerini F. Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardioinvopathv Br Heart J 1994,71 215-218</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McKenna W.J., Thiene G., Nava A., Fontahran F., Blomstrom-Lundqvist C., Fontaine G., Camerini F. Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardioinvopathv Br Heart J 1994,71 215-218</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nava A., Bauce B., Basso C., Munago M., Rampazzo A., Villanova C., Daliento L., Buja G., Corrado D., Dameli G.A., Thiene G. Clinical profile and long-term follow-up of 37 families with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy J Ain Coll Cardiol 2000,36 2226-2233</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nava A., Bauce B., Basso C., Munago M., Rampazzo A., Villanova C., Daliento L., Buja G., Corrado D., Dameli G.A., Thiene G. Clinical profile and long-term follow-up of 37 families with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy J Ain Coll Cardiol 2000,36 2226-2233</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aretz H.T., Billingham M.E., Edwards W.D., Factor S.M., Fallon J.T., Fenogho J.J. Jr, Olsen E.G., Schoen F.J. Myocarditis a histopathologic definition and classification Am J Cardiovasc Pathol 1987,1 3-14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aretz H.T., Billingham M.E., Edwards W.D., Factor S.M., Fallon J.T., Fenogho J.J. Jr, Olsen E.G., Schoen F.J. Myocarditis a histopathologic definition and classification Am J Cardiovasc Pathol 1987,1 3-14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morgera T., Di Lenarda A., Dreas L., Pinamonti B., Humar F, Bussani R., Silvestri F., Chersevani D., Camenni F. Electrocardiography of myocarditis revisited Clinical and prognostic significance of electrocardiographic changes Am Heart J 1992,124 455-467</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgera T., Di Lenarda A., Dreas L., Pinamonti B., Humar F, Bussani R., Silvestri F., Chersevani D., Camenni F. Electrocardiography of myocarditis revisited Clinical and prognostic significance of electrocardiographic changes Am Heart J 1992,124 455-467</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pinamonti B., Alberti E., Cigalotto A., Dreas L., Salvi A., Silvestri F., Camerini F. Echocardiographic findings in myocarditis Am J Cardiol 1988,62 2285-2291</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pinamonti B., Alberti E., Cigalotto A., Dreas L., Salvi A., Silvestri F., Camerini F. Echocardiographic findings in myocarditis Am J Cardiol 1988,62 2285-2291</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gray J.R., Bridges A.B., Faed M.J., Pringle T., Baines P., Dean J, Boxer M. Ascertainment and severity of Marfan syndrome in a Scottish population J Med Genet 1994,31 51-54</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gray J.R., Bridges A.B., Faed M.J., Pringle T., Baines P., Dean J, Boxer M. Ascertainment and severity of Marfan syndrome in a Scottish population J Med Genet 1994,31 51-54</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Collod-Beroud G., Le Bouidelles S., Ades L., Ala-Kokko L., Booms P., Boxer M., Child A., Comeglio P., De Paepe A., Hyland J.C., Holman K., Kaitila I., Loeys B., Matyas G., Nuytmck L., Peltonen L., Rantamaki T., Robinson P., Stemmann B., Junien C., Beroud C., Boileau С. Update of the UMD-FBN1 mutation database and creation of an FBN1 polymorphism database Hum Mutat 2003 22 199-208</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Collod-Beroud G., Le Bouidelles S., Ades L., Ala-Kokko L., Booms P., Boxer M., Child A., Comeglio P., De Paepe A., Hyland J.C., Holman K., Kaitila I., Loeys B., Matyas G., Nuytmck L., Peltonen L., Rantamaki T., Robinson P., Stemmann B., Junien C., Beroud C., Boileau С. Update of the UMD-FBN1 mutation database and creation of an FBN1 polymorphism database Hum Mutat 2003 22 199-208</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron B.J. Sudden death in young athletes N Engl J Med 2003,349 1064-1075</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron B.J. Sudden death in young athletes N Engl J Med 2003,349 1064-1075</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glonoso J.Jr, Reeves M. Marfan syndrome screening for sudden death m athletes Curr Sports Med Rep 2002 1 67-74</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glonoso J.Jr, Reeves M. Marfan syndrome screening for sudden death m athletes Curr Sports Med Rep 2002 1 67-74</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shry E.A., Ledmg C.J., Rubai B.J. Eisenhauer MD The role of limited echocardiography and electrocardiography in screening physicals for amateur athletes Mil Med 2002,167 831-834</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shry E.A., Ledmg C.J., Rubai B.J. Eisenhauer MD The role of limited echocardiography and electrocardiography in screening physicals for amateur athletes Mil Med 2002,167 831-834</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kinoshita N., Mimura J., Obayashi C., Katsukawa F., Onishi S., Yamazaki Ft Aortic root dilatation among young competitive athletes echocardiographic screening of 1929 athletes between 15 and 34 years of age Am Heart J 2000,139 723-728 1445a A Pelhccia et al.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kinoshita N., Mimura J., Obayashi C., Katsukawa F., Onishi S., Yamazaki Ft Aortic root dilatation among young competitive athletes echocardiographic screening of 1929 athletes between 15 and 34 years of age Am Heart J 2000,139 723-728 1445a A Pelhccia et al.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Paepe A., Devereux R.B., Dietz H.C., Hennekam R.C., Pyentz R.E. Revised diagnostic criteria for the Marfan syndrome Am J Med Genet 1996,62 417-426</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Paepe A., Devereux R.B., Dietz H.C., Hennekam R.C., Pyentz R.E. Revised diagnostic criteria for the Marfan syndrome Am J Med Genet 1996,62 417-426</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fattori R., Nienaber C.A., Descovich B., Ambrosetto P., Reggiani L.B., Pepe G., Kaufmann U., Negrini E., von Kodohtsch Y., Gensmi G.F. Importance of durai ectasia in phenotypic assessment of Marfan’s syndrome Lancet 1999,354 910-913</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fattori R., Nienaber C.A., Descovich B., Ambrosetto P., Reggiani L.B., Pepe G., Kaufmann U., Negrini E., von Kodohtsch Y., Gensmi G.F. Importance of durai ectasia in phenotypic assessment of Marfan’s syndrome Lancet 1999,354 910-913</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guidelines Committee 2003 European Society of Hypertension - European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension J Hypertens 2003,21 1011-1053 http//wwweshonlineorg/documents/ 2003_guidehnes pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guidelines Committee 2003 European Society of Hypertension - European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension J Hypertens 2003,21 1011-1053 http//wwweshonlineorg/documents/ 2003_guidehnes pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Practice Guidelines Writing Committee Practice guidelines for primary care physicians 2003 ESH/ESC Hypertension Guidelines J Hypertens 2003,21 1779-1786 http // wwweshonlineorg/documents/2003_hypertension_practice_ guidelines pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Practice Guidelines Writing Committee Practice guidelines for primary care physicians 2003 ESH/ESC Hypertension Guidelines J Hypertens 2003,21 1779-1786 http // wwweshonlineorg/documents/2003_hypertension_practice_ guidelines pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Backer G., Ambrosiom E., Borch-Johnsen K., Bretons C., Cifkova R., Dallongeville J., Ebrahim S., Faergeman O., Graham I., Mancia G., Manger Cats V., Orth-Gomer K., Perk J., Pyorala K., Rodicio J.L., Sans S., Sansoy V., Sechtem U., Silber S., Thomsen T., Wood D., Third Joint Task Force of European and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice Eur Heart J 2003,24 1601-1610</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Backer G., Ambrosiom E., Borch-Johnsen K., Bretons C., Cifkova R., Dallongeville J., Ebrahim S., Faergeman O., Graham I., Mancia G., Manger Cats V., Orth-Gomer K., Perk J., Pyorala K., Rodicio J.L., Sans S., Sansoy V., Sechtem U., Silber S., Thomsen T., Wood D., Third Joint Task Force of European and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice Eur Heart J 2003,24 1601-1610</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Brien E., Asmar R., Beilin L., Imai Y., Malhon J.M., Mancia G., Mengden T., Myers M., Padfield P., Palatini P., Parati G., Pickering T., Redon J., Staessen J., Stergiou G., Verdecchia P., European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring European Society of Hypertension recommendations for conventional, ambulatory and home blood pressure measurement J Hypertens 2003,21 821-848</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Brien E., Asmar R., Beilin L., Imai Y., Malhon J.M., Mancia G., Mengden T., Myers M., Padfield P., Palatini P., Parati G., Pickering T., Redon J., Staessen J., Stergiou G., Verdecchia P., European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring European Society of Hypertension recommendations for conventional, ambulatory and home blood pressure measurement J Hypertens 2003,21 821-848</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pluim B.M., Zwindermans A.H., van der Laarse A., van der Wall E.E. The athlete’s heart A meta-analvsis of cardiac structure and function Circulation 1999,100 336-344</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pluim B.M., Zwindermans A.H., van der Laarse A., van der Wall E.E. The athlete’s heart A meta-analvsis of cardiac structure and function Circulation 1999,100 336-344</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fagard R.H. The athlete’s heart Heart 2003,89 1455-1461</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fagard R.H. The athlete’s heart Heart 2003,89 1455-1461</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verdecchia P.Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure current evidence and clinical implications Hypertension 2000,35 844-851</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verdecchia P.Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure current evidence and clinical implications Hypertension 2000,35 844-851</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pescatello L.S., Franklin B., Fagard R., Farquhar W., Kelley G.A., Ray С. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand Exercise and Hypertension Med Sei Sports Exerc 2004,36 533 553</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pescatello L.S., Franklin B., Fagard R., Farquhar W., Kelley G.A., Ray С. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand Exercise and Hypertension Med Sei Sports Exerc 2004,36 533 553</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fagard R., Amery A. Physical exercise in hypertension In Brenner L.J., ed Hypertension Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management 2nd ed New York, USA Raven Press 1995 p2669-2681</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fagard R., Amery A. Physical exercise in hypertension In Brenner L.J., ed Hypertension Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management 2nd ed New York, USA Raven Press 1995 p2669-2681</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanhees L., Fagard R., Lijnen P., Amery A. Effect of antihypertensive medication on endurance exercise capacity in hypertensive sportsmen J Hypertens 1991,9 1063-1068</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanhees L., Fagard R., Lijnen P., Amery A. Effect of antihypertensive medication on endurance exercise capacity in hypertensive sportsmen J Hypertens 1991,9 1063-1068</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weaver Characteristics of survivors of exertion-non exertion related cardiac arrest value of subsequeut exercise testing Am Heart J 1982,50 671-676</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weaver Characteristics of survivors of exertion-non exertion related cardiac arrest value of subsequeut exercise testing Am Heart J 1982,50 671-676</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rauramaa R., Salonen J.T., Seppanen K., Salonen R., Venalainen J.M., Ihanainen M., Rissanen V. Inhibition of platelet aggregabihty by moderate physical exercise a randomized clinical trial in overweight men Circulation 1986,74 939-944</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rauramaa R., Salonen J.T., Seppanen K., Salonen R., Venalainen J.M., Ihanainen M., Rissanen V. Inhibition of platelet aggregabihty by moderate physical exercise a randomized clinical trial in overweight men Circulation 1986,74 939-944</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">О Donnell T.F., Clowes G.M.A. The circulation abnormalities of heat stroke N Engl J Med 1972,287 734-737</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">О Donnell T.F., Clowes G.M.A. The circulation abnormalities of heat stroke N Engl J Med 1972,287 734-737</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyle J.P., Honeycutt A.A., Narayan K.M., Hoerger T.J., Geiss L.S., Chen H., Thompson T.J. Projection of diabetes burden through 2050 impact of changing demography and disease prevalence in the U S Diabetes Care 2001,24 1936-1940</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyle J.P., Honeycutt A.A., Narayan K.M., Hoerger T.J., Geiss L.S., Chen H., Thompson T.J. Projection of diabetes burden through 2050 impact of changing demography and disease prevalence in the U S Diabetes Care 2001,24 1936-1940</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cregler L.L. Substance abuse in sports The impact of cocaine, alcohol, steroids, and other drugs on the heart In Williams RA, ed The Athlete and Heart disease Philadelphia, PA Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 1999 pl31-153</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cregler L.L. Substance abuse in sports The impact of cocaine, alcohol, steroids, and other drugs on the heart In Williams RA, ed The Athlete and Heart disease Philadelphia, PA Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 1999 pl31-153</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hausmann R., Hammer S., Betz P. Performance enhancing drugs (doping agents) and sudden death-a case report and reviews of the literature Int J Legal Med 1998,111 261-264</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hausmann R., Hammer S., Betz P. Performance enhancing drugs (doping agents) and sudden death-a case report and reviews of the literature Int J Legal Med 1998,111 261-264</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mittleman M.A., Maclure M., Toiler G.H., Sherwood J.B., Goldberg R.J., Muller J.E. Triggering of acute myocardial infarction by heavy physical exertion protection against triggering bv regular exertion N Engl J Med 1993 329 1677-1683</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mittleman M.A., Maclure M., Toiler G.H., Sherwood J.B., Goldberg R.J., Muller J.E. Triggering of acute myocardial infarction by heavy physical exertion protection against triggering bv regular exertion N Engl J Med 1993 329 1677-1683</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Recommendations for preparticipation screening and the assessment of cardiovascular disease in masters athletes an advisory for healthcare professionals from the working groups of the World Heart Federation, the International Federation of Sports Medicine, and the American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention Recommendations for preparticipation screening and the assessment of cardiovascular disease in masters athletes Circulation 2001, 103 327-334</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Recommendations for preparticipation screening and the assessment of cardiovascular disease in masters athletes an advisory for healthcare professionals from the working groups of the World Heart Federation, the International Federation of Sports Medicine, and the American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention Recommendations for preparticipation screening and the assessment of cardiovascular disease in masters athletes Circulation 2001, 103 327-334</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeBacker G., Third Joint Task Force ofEuropean and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice Eur Heart J 2003,24 1601-1610</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DeBacker G., Third Joint Task Force ofEuropean and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice Eur Heart J 2003,24 1601-1610</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furlanello F., Bettim R., Cozzi F., Del Favero A., Disertori M., Vergara G., Durante G.B., Guarneno M., Inama G., Thiene G. Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in athletes Ann NY Acad Sci 1984,427 253-279</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furlanello F., Bettim R., Cozzi F., Del Favero A., Disertori M., Vergara G., Durante G.B., Guarneno M., Inama G., Thiene G. Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in athletes Ann NY Acad Sci 1984,427 253-279</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thiene G., Nava A., Corrado D., Rossi L., Pennelh N. Right ventricular cardiomyopathy and sudden death in young people N Engl J Med 1988,318 129-133</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thiene G., Nava A., Corrado D., Rossi L., Pennelh N. Right ventricular cardiomyopathy and sudden death in young people N Engl J Med 1988,318 129-133</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corrado D., Basso C., Schiavon M., Thiene G. Screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in voung athletes N Engl J Med 1998,339 364-369</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corrado D., Basso C., Schiavon M., Thiene G. Screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in voung athletes N Engl J Med 1998,339 364-369</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Talan D.A., Bauernfemd R.A., Ashley W.W., Kanakis С.Jr, Rosen KM Twentyfour hour continuous ECG recordings in longdistance runners Chest 1982,82 19-23</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talan D.A., Bauernfemd R.A., Ashley W.W., Kanakis С.Jr, Rosen KM Twentyfour hour continuous ECG recordings in longdistance runners Chest 1982,82 19-23</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeppilh P., Femci R., Sassara M., Pirrami M.M., Caselli G. Wenckebach second degree A-V block in top ranking athletes an old problem revisited Am Heart J 1980,100 281-294</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeppilh P., Femci R., Sassara M., Pirrami M.M., Caselli G. Wenckebach second degree A-V block in top ranking athletes an old problem revisited Am Heart J 1980,100 281-294</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bjornstad H., Storstein L., Dyre Meen H., Hals О. Ambulatory electrocardiographic findings in top athletes, athletic students and control subjects Cardiology 1994,84 42-50</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bjornstad H., Storstein L., Dyre Meen H., Hals О. Ambulatory electrocardiographic findings in top athletes, athletic students and control subjects Cardiology 1994,84 42-50</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corrado D., Basso C., Rizzoli G., Schiavon M., Thiene G. Does sport activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults’ I Am Coll Cardiol 2003,40 446-452</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corrado D., Basso C., Rizzoli G., Schiavon M., Thiene G. Does sport activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults’ I Am Coll Cardiol 2003,40 446-452</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blomstrom-Lundqvist C., Scheinman M.M., Allot E.M., Alpert J.S., Calkins H., Camm A.J., Campbell W.B., Harnes D.E., Kuck K.H., Lerman B.B., Miller D.D., Shaeffer C.W., Stevenson W.G., Tomaselli G.F., Antman E.M., Smith S.C.Jr., Alpert J.S., Faxon D.P., Fuster V., Gibbons R.J., Gregoratos G., Hiratzka L.F., Hunt S.A., Jacobs A.K., Russell R.O. Jr, Prion S.G., Blanc J.J., Budaj A., Burgos E.F., Cowie M., Deckers J.W., Garcia M.A., Klein W.W., Lekakis J., Lindahl B., Mazzotta G., Morais J.C., Oto A., Smiseth O., Trappe H.J., European Society of Cardiology Committee, NASPE-Heart Rhythm Society ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with upraventricular arrhythmias J Am Coll Cardiol 2003,42 1493-1531</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blomstrom-Lundqvist C., Scheinman M.M., Allot E.M., Alpert J.S., Calkins H., Camm A.J., Campbell W.B., Harnes D.E., Kuck K.H., Lerman B.B., Miller D.D., Shaeffer C.W., Stevenson W.G., Tomaselli G.F., Antman E.M., Smith S.C.Jr., Alpert J.S., Faxon D.P., Fuster V., Gibbons R.J., Gregoratos G., Hiratzka L.F., Hunt S.A., Jacobs A.K., Russell R.O. Jr, Prion S.G., Blanc J.J., Budaj A., Burgos E.F., Cowie M., Deckers J.W., Garcia M.A., Klein W.W., Lekakis J., Lindahl B., Mazzotta G., Morais J.C., Oto A., Smiseth O., Trappe H.J., European Society of Cardiology Committee, NASPE-Heart Rhythm Society ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with upraventricular arrhythmias J Am Coll Cardiol 2003,42 1493-1531</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu D., Denes P., Amat-y-Leon F., Dhingra R., Wyndham C.R., Bauernfemd R., Latif P., Rosen K.M. Clinical, electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic observations in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia Am J Cardiol 1978,41 1045-1051</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu D., Denes P., Amat-y-Leon F., Dhingra R., Wyndham C.R., Bauernfemd R., Latif P., Rosen K.M. Clinical, electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic observations in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia Am J Cardiol 1978,41 1045-1051</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Timmermans С., Smeets J.L.R.M. Rodriguez L.M., Vrouchos G., van den Dool A., Wellens H.J.J. Aborted sudden death in the Wolff-Parkinson-White svndrome Am J Cardiol 1995,76 492-494</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timmermans С., Smeets J.L.R.M. Rodriguez L.M., Vrouchos G., van den Dool A., Wellens H.J.J. Aborted sudden death in the Wolff-Parkinson-White svndrome Am J Cardiol 1995,76 492-494</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furlanello F., Bertoldi A., Dallago M., Galassi A., Fernando F., Biifi A., Mazzone P., Pappone C., Chierchia S. Atrial fibrillation in elite athletes J Cardiovasc lectrophysiol 1998,9(Suppl 8) S63-S68</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furlanello F., Bertoldi A., Dallago M., Galassi A., Fernando F., Biifi A., Mazzone P., Pappone C., Chierchia S. Atrial fibrillation in elite athletes J Cardiovasc lectrophysiol 1998,9(Suppl 8) S63-S68</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pappone C., Santinelli V., Rosanio S., Vicedomini G., Nardi S., Pappone A., Tortonello V., Manguso F., Mazzone P., Gulletta S., Oreto G., Alfieri О. Usefulness of invasive electrophysiologic testing to stratify the risk of arrhythmic events in asymptomatic patients with Wolff- Parkmson-White pattern results from a large prospective long-term follow-up study I Am Coll Cardiol 2003,41 239-244</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pappone C., Santinelli V., Rosanio S., Vicedomini G., Nardi S., Pappone A., Tortonello V., Manguso F., Mazzone P., Gulletta S., Oreto G., Alfieri О. Usefulness of invasive electrophysiologic testing to stratify the risk of arrhythmic events in asymptomatic patients with Wolff- Parkmson-White pattern results from a large prospective long-term follow-up study I Am Coll Cardiol 2003,41 239-244</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lew S., Camin A.J., Saksena S., Allot E., Breithardt G., Crijns H.J., Davies D.W., Kay G.N., Prystowsky E.N., Sutton R., Waldo A.L., Wyse D.G., Working Group on Arrhythmias of European Society of Cardiology, Working Group of Cardiac Pacing of European Society of Cardiology, North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology International consensus on nomenclature and classification of atrial fibrillation A collaborative project of the Working Group on Arrhythmias and the Working Group of Cardiac Pacing of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiologv J Cardio asc Electrophysiol 2003,14 443-445</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lew S., Camin A.J., Saksena S., Allot E., Breithardt G., Crijns H.J., Davies D.W., Kay G.N., Prystowsky E.N., Sutton R., Waldo A.L., Wyse D.G., Working Group on Arrhythmias of European Society of Cardiology, Working Group of Cardiac Pacing of European Society of Cardiology, North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology International consensus on nomenclature and classification of atrial fibrillation A collaborative project of the Working Group on Arrhythmias and the Working Group of Cardiac Pacing of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiologv J Cardio asc Electrophysiol 2003,14 443-445</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sullivan M.L., Martinez C.M., Gallagher E.J. Atrial fibrillation and anabolic steroids J Emerg Med 1999,17 851-857</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sullivan M.L., Martinez C.M., Gallagher E.J. Atrial fibrillation and anabolic steroids J Emerg Med 1999,17 851-857</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit87"><label>87</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer B., Jais P., Shah D., Chouairi S., Haissaguerre M., Garrigues S., Poquet F., Gencel L., Clementy J., Marcus F.I. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of common atrial flutter m 200 patients J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1996 7 1225-1233</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer B., Jais P., Shah D., Chouairi S., Haissaguerre M., Garrigues S., Poquet F., Gencel L., Clementy J., Marcus F.I. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of common atrial flutter m 200 patients J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1996 7 1225-1233</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit88"><label>88</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heidbuchel H., Hoogsteen J., Fagard R., Vanhees L., Ector H., Willems R., Van Lierde J. High prevalence of right ventricular involvement in endurance athletes with ventricular arrhythmias Role of an electrophysiologic study in risk stratification Eur Heart J 2003,24 1473-1480</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heidbuchel H., Hoogsteen J., Fagard R., Vanhees L., Ector H., Willems R., Van Lierde J. High prevalence of right ventricular involvement in endurance athletes with ventricular arrhythmias Role of an electrophysiologic study in risk stratification Eur Heart J 2003,24 1473-1480</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit89"><label>89</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biffi A., Pelliccia A., Verdile L., Fernando F., Spataro A., Caselli S., Santim M., Maron B.J. Long-term clinical significance of frequent and complex entricular tachyarrhythmias in trained athletes J Am Coll Cardiol 2002, 40 446-452</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biffi A., Pelliccia A., Verdile L., Fernando F., Spataro A., Caselli S., Santim M., Maron B.J. Long-term clinical significance of frequent and complex entricular tachyarrhythmias in trained athletes J Am Coll Cardiol 2002, 40 446-452</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit90"><label>90</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biffi A., Maron B.J., Verdile L., Fernando F., Spataro A., Marcello G., Ciardo R., Ammirati F., Cohvicchi F., Pelliccia A. Impact of physical deconditioning on Recommendations for competitive sports participation f 445b ventricular tachyarrhythmias in trained athletes J Am Coll Cardiol 2004,44 1053-1058</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biffi A., Maron B.J., Verdile L., Fernando F., Spataro A., Marcello G., Ciardo R., Ammirati F., Cohvicchi F., Pelliccia A. Impact of physical deconditioning on Recommendations for competitive sports participation f 445b ventricular tachyarrhythmias in trained athletes J Am Coll Cardiol 2004,44 1053-1058</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit91"><label>91</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin F., Finley D., Rahmtoola J., Wu D. Idiopathic paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia with a QRS pattern of right bundle branch block and left axis deviation a unique clinical entity with specific properties AmJ Cardiol 1983,52 95</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin F., Finley D., Rahmtoola J., Wu D. Idiopathic paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia with a QRS pattern of right bundle branch block and left axis deviation a unique clinical entity with specific properties AmJ Cardiol 1983,52 95</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit92"><label>92</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Movsowitz C., Schwartzman D., Callans D.J., Preminger M., Zado E., Gottlieb C.D., Marchlinski F.E. Idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia narrowing the anatomical location for successful ablation Am Heart J 1996,131 930-936</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Movsowitz C., Schwartzman D., Callans D.J., Preminger M., Zado E., Gottlieb C.D., Marchlinski F.E. Idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia narrowing the anatomical location for successful ablation Am Heart J 1996,131 930-936</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit93"><label>93</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calkins H., Seifert M., Morady F. Clinical presentations and long-term follow-up of athletes with exercise-induced vasodepressor syncope Am Heart J 1995,129 1159-1164</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calkins H., Seifert M., Morady F. Clinical presentations and long-term follow-up of athletes with exercise-induced vasodepressor syncope Am Heart J 1995,129 1159-1164</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit94"><label>94</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grubb B.P., Temesy-Armos P.N., Samoil D., Wolfe D.A., Hahn H., Elliott L. Tilt table testing in the evaluation and management of athletes with recurrent exercise-mduced syncope Med Sei Sports Exerc 1993,25 24-28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grubb B.P., Temesy-Armos P.N., Samoil D., Wolfe D.A., Hahn H., Elliott L. Tilt table testing in the evaluation and management of athletes with recurrent exercise-mduced syncope Med Sei Sports Exerc 1993,25 24-28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit95"><label>95</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brugada P., Brugada J. Right bundle branch block, persistent ST segment elevation and sudden cardiac death a distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome J Am Coll Cardiol 1992,20 1391-1396</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brugada P., Brugada J. Right bundle branch block, persistent ST segment elevation and sudden cardiac death a distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome J Am Coll Cardiol 1992,20 1391-1396</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit96"><label>96</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moss A.G. Prolonged QT-interval syndrome JAMA 1986,256 2985-2987</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moss A.G. Prolonged QT-interval syndrome JAMA 1986,256 2985-2987</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit97"><label>97</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borggrefe M., Budde K.P., Podczeck A., Breithardt G. High frequency alternating current ablation of an accessory pathway in humans J Am Coll Cardiol 1987,10 576-582</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borggrefe M., Budde K.P., Podczeck A., Breithardt G. High frequency alternating current ablation of an accessory pathway in humans J Am Coll Cardiol 1987,10 576-582</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit98"><label>98</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delise P., Gianfranchi L., Paparella N., Bngnole M., Menozzi C., Themistoclakis S., Mantovan R., Bonso A., Coro L., Vaglio A., Ragazzo M., Alboni P., Raviele A. Clinical usefulness of slow pathway ablation in patients with both paroxysmal atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and atrial fibrillation Am J Cardiol 1997,79 1421-1423</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delise P., Gianfranchi L., Paparella N., Bngnole M., Menozzi C., Themistoclakis S., Mantovan R., Bonso A., Coro L., Vaglio A., Ragazzo M., Alboni P., Raviele A. Clinical usefulness of slow pathway ablation in patients with both paroxysmal atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and atrial fibrillation Am J Cardiol 1997,79 1421-1423</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit99"><label>99</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanhees L., Schepers D., Heidbuchel H., Defoor J., Fagard R. Exercise performance and training in patients with implantable cardioverterdefibrillators and coronary heart disease Am J Cardiol 2001,87 712-715</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanhees L., Schepers D., Heidbuchel H., Defoor J., Fagard R. Exercise performance and training in patients with implantable cardioverterdefibrillators and coronary heart disease Am J Cardiol 2001,87 712-715</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
