arthyperАртериальная гипертензия"Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension")1607-419X2411-8524Antihypertensive League10.18705/1607-419X-2010-16-1-93-103arthyper-1522Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWРоль неэтерифицированных жирных кислот в патогенезе сердечно-сосудистых заболеванийThe role of nonesterified fatty acids in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseasesЦветковаМ. В.TsvetkovaM. V.tsvetkova@mail.ruХирмановВ. Н.KhirmanovV. N.noemail@neicon.ruЗыбинаН. Н.ZybinaN. N.noemail@neicon.ruФГУЗ «Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины имени А.М. Никифорова» МЧС РоссииРоссияNikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, EMERCOM of RussiaRussian Federation20102802201016193103Copyright © Цветкова М.В., Хирманов В.Н., Зыбина Н.Н., 20102010Цветкова М.В., Хирманов В.Н., Зыбина Н.Н.Tsvetkova M.V., Khirmanov V.N., Zybina N.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/1522

Представлен обзор данных литературы о роли неэтерифицированных жирных кислот (НЭЖК) в патогенезе сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. НЭЖК - это карбоновые кислоты с длиной алифатической цепи не менее 4-х атомов углерода, находящиеся в организме в свободной форме (не этерифицированы). Бόльшая часть НЭЖК плаз- мы образуется в результате липолиза триглицеридов жировой ткани, другим источником могут служить богатые триглицеридами липопротеины - хиломикроны, липопротеины очень низкой плотности, липопротеины проме- жуточной плотности. Повышенная концентрация НЭЖК в плазме - фактор риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и сахарного диабета 2 типа, независимый фактор риска гипертензии и внезапной смерти. Повышение концентрации НЭЖК в плазме наблюдается при атеросклерозе, остром инфаркте миокарда, сахарном диабете, ожирении, гипертензии и часто при метаболическом синдроме. Вероятной причиной накопления НЭЖК в плазме может быть переедание при малой физической активности, что приводит к увеличению массы жировой ткани, усилению липолиза и повышению концентрации НЭЖК в плазме. Обсуждается роль повышенных концентраций НЭЖК в плазме при абдоминальном ожирении, атерогенной дислипидемии, инсулинорезистентности и сахарном диабете второго типа, эндотелиальной дисфункции, сосудистом воспалении и атеросклерозе, гипертензии, ишемической болезни сердца, нарушениях ритма и внезапной смерти, а также возможные способы коррекции повышенных концентраций НЭЖК в плазме.

The paper reviews publications concerned the role of nonesterifi ed fatty acids (NEFA) in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. NEFAs are four and more carbons chain length carbonic acids and they are presented in free form (nonesterifi ed) in human body. Plasma NEFAs are produced by the adipose tissue triglyceride lipolysis, another source are lipoproteins such as chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins and intermediate density lipoproteins. Elevated NEFA concentrations in plasma are the risk factor of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus and the independent risk factor of hypertension and sudden death. NEFA plasma concentration is elevated in atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and often in metabolic syndrome. A probable cause of NEFAs accumulation in plasma may be overeating and low physical activity, which result in increase of adipose tissue mass, lipolysis intensifi cation and elevation of NEFAs concentration in plasma. The role of elevated plasma NEFA concentration in a number of conditions (abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, endothelial dysfunction, vascular infl ammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, rhythm disturbances, sudden death) and possible ways of their correction are discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.