<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">arthyper</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Артериальная гипертензия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>"Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension")</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-419X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-8524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Antihypertensive League</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/1607-419X-2012-18-6-531-539</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">arthyper-1738</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РОЛЬ АЛЛЕЛЬНЫХ ВАРИАНТОВ ГЕНОВ АНГИОТЕНЗИНПРЕВРАЩАЮЩЕГО ФЕРМЕНТА ACE И СЕРОТОНИНОВОГО ТРАНСПОРТЕРА SLC6A4 В РАЗВИТИИ КОГНИТИВНОГО ДЕФИЦИТА У ЛИЦ С МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИМ СИНДРОМОМ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of allelic variants of angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE and serotonin transporter SLC6A4 genes in cognitive dysfunction progression in patients with metabolic syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">iravit@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Улитина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulitina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">row-an@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гораб</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ghorab</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ddounya@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Москаленко</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskalenko</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">mvm.gene@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dubina@spbau.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный Центр сердца, крови и эндокринологии им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздравсоцразвития РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and Endocrinology Centre<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБОУ ВПО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздравсоцразвития РФ; ГБОУ ВПО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov St Petersburg State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский академический университет, научно-образовательный центр нанотехнологий Российской академии наук; ГБОУ ВПО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov St Petersburg State Medical University; St Petersburg State Academic University, Nanotechnology Research and Education Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГОУ ВПО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">St Petersburg State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБОУ ВПО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздравсоцразвития РФ; Санкт-Петербургский академический университет, научно-образовательный центр нанотехнологий Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov St Petersburg State Medical University; St Petersburg State Academic University, Nanotechnology Research and Education Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>531</fpage><lpage>539</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зуева И.Б., Улитина А.С., Гораб Д.Н., Москаленко М.В., Дубина М.В., 2012</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зуева И.Б., Улитина А.С., Гораб Д.Н., Москаленко М.В., Дубина М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zueva I.B., Ulitina A.S., Ghorab D.N., Moskalenko M.V., Dubina M.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/1738">https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/1738</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Факторы риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний играют важную роль в развитии когнитивного дефицита (КД). Цель исследования - определение частот аллельных вариантов, обусловленных полиморфизмом гена ACE I / D ( rs4646994 ), а также полиморфизмами гена SLC6A4 L/S ( rs4795541 ) и A/G ( rs25531 ), у лиц с различной выраженностью метаболического синдрома (МС) и КД. Материалы и методы. Обследованы 55 человек с использованием антропометрии, биохимического анализа крови (глюкоза, липидный спектр), молекулярно-генетического анализа (полимеразная цепная реакция, полиморфизм длин рестрикционных фрагментов) и нейропсихологических тестов («10 слов» по Лурии, «рисование часов» для оценки краткосрочной памяти; FAB - оценка лобной дисфункции; CFQ - оценка субъективных жалоб на нарушение памяти и внимания; HADS - оценка уровня тревоги и депрессии; MMSE - оценка психического статуса). Выводы. Аллельный вариант D гена ACE, а также аллельные варианты S и LG гена SLC6A4 ассоциированы с развитием МС. С развитием КД - снижением параметров краткосрочной памяти - ассоциированы аллельные варианты S и LG гена SLC6A, но не аллельные варианты гена ACE . При этом для реализации в фенотипе неблагоприятных эффектов аллелей S и LG гена SLC6A4 достаточно их гетерозиготного носительства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Risk factors of cardiovascular diseases play an important role in the cognitive dysfunction (CD) progression. Objective. To determine allelic variants frequencies caused by ACE I/D ( rs4646994 ) polymorphism as well as the SLC6A4 L/S ( rs4795541 ) and A/G ( rs25531 ) polymorphisms in patients with different intensity of metabolic syndrome and CD. Design and methods. Fifty five participants underwent anthropometric measurements, blood tests (glucose, lipids), molecular genetic analysis (polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragments length polymorphism) and neuropsychological tests. Results. Allelic variant D of ACE gene as well as allelic variants S and LG of SLC6A4 gene are associated with metabolic syndrome progression. CD progression is associated with allelic variants S and LG of SLC6A4 gene, but not with allelic variants of ACE gene.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивный дефицит</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ACE</kwd><kwd>SLC6A4</kwd><kwd>ACE</kwd><kwd>SLC6A4</kwd><kwd>cognitive dysfunction</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kivipelto M., Helkala E.L., Laakso M.P. et al. Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease in later life: longitudinal, population based study // Br. Med. J. – 2001. – Vol. 322, № 7300. –P. 1447-1451.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kivipelto M., Helkala E.L., Laakso M.P. et al. Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease in later life: longitudinal, population based study // Br. Med. J. – 2001. – Vol. 322, № 7300. –P. 1447-1451.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шляхто Е.В., Зуева И.Б. Влияние терапии блокаторами рецепторов к ангиотензину II на развитие когнитивных расстройств у больных артериальной гипертензией: результаты исследования OSCAR // Артериальная гипертензия. – 2010. – Т. 16, № 2. – С. 1447-1451.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шляхто Е.В., Зуева И.Б. Влияние терапии блокаторами рецепторов к ангиотензину II на развитие когнитивных расстройств у больных артериальной гипертензией: результаты исследования OSCAR // Артериальная гипертензия. – 2010. – Т. 16, № 2. – С. 1447-1451.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) // J. Am. Med. Assoc. – 2001. – Vol. 285, № 19. – P. 2486-2497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) // J. Am. Med. Assoc. – 2001. – Vol. 285, № 19. – P. 2486-2497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yaffe K. Metabolic syndrome and cognitive disorders: is the sum greater than its parts? // Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. - 2007. - Vol. 21, № 2. – P. 167-171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaffe K. Metabolic syndrome and cognitive disorders: is the sum greater than its parts? // Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. - 2007. - Vol. 21, № 2. – P. 167-171.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kazama K, Anrather J, Zhou P et al. Angiotensin II impairs neurovascular coupling in neocortex through NADPH oxidase-derived radicals // Circ. Res. - 2004. - Vol. 95, № 10. – Р. 1019–1026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazama K, Anrather J, Zhou P et al. Angiotensin II impairs neurovascular coupling in neocortex through NADPH oxidase-derived radicals // Circ. Res. - 2004. - Vol. 95, № 10. – Р. 1019–1026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабак О.Я., Кравченко Н.А. Роль ренин-ангиотензиновой системы в ремоделировании сердца и сосудов // Укр. терапевт. журн. – 2005. – № 2. – С. 89-96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бабак О.Я., Кравченко Н.А. Роль ренин-ангиотензиновой системы в ремоделировании сердца и сосудов // Укр. терапевт. журн. – 2005. – № 2. – С. 89-96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Багмет А.Д. I/D полиморфизм гена ангиотензинпревращающего фермента, морфо-функциональное состояние сердца и суточный профиль артериального давления у молодых мужчин с артериальной гипертонией // Терапевт. арх. – 2006. – № 9. – С. 5-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Багмет А.Д. I/D полиморфизм гена ангиотензинпревращающего фермента, морфо-функциональное состояние сердца и суточный профиль артериального давления у молодых мужчин с артериальной гипертонией // Терапевт. арх. – 2006. – № 9. – С. 5-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В. Сахарный диабет и артериальная гипертензия. - М.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2006. – С. 74-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В. Сахарный диабет и артериальная гипертензия. - М.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2006. – С. 74-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Margues G.M.D., Krieger J.E., Casarini D.E. Angiotensin-converting enzyme: a possible genetic marker of hypertension // Hypertension. – 2002. – Vol. 20, suppl. 4. – P. 263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Margues G.M.D., Krieger J.E., Casarini D.E. Angiotensin-converting enzyme: a possible genetic marker of hypertension // Hypertension. – 2002. – Vol. 20, suppl. 4. – P. 263.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rigat B., Hubert C., Alhenc-Gelas F., Cambien F., Corvol P., Soubrier F. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels // J. Clin. Invest. – 1990. – Vol. 86, № 4. – P. 1343-1346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rigat B., Hubert C., Alhenc-Gelas F., Cambien F., Corvol P., Soubrier F. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels // J. Clin. Invest. – 1990. – Vol. 86, № 4. – P. 1343-1346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Целуйко В.И., Кравченко Н.А., Ляшенко А.М., Львова А.М. Полиморфизм гена ангиотензинпревращающего фермента при сердечно-сосудистой патологии // Цитология и генетика. – 2002. – Т. 36, № 5. – С. 30-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Целуйко В.И., Кравченко Н.А., Ляшенко А.М., Львова А.М. Полиморфизм гена ангиотензинпревращающего фермента при сердечно-сосудистой патологии // Цитология и генетика. – 2002. – Т. 36, № 5. – С. 30-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шляхто Е.В., Конради А.О. Роль генетических факторов в ремоделировании сердечно-сосудистой системы при гипертонической болезни // Артериальная гипертензия. – 2002. – Т. 4, № 3. – С. 22-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шляхто Е.В., Конради А.О. Роль генетических факторов в ремоделировании сердечно-сосудистой системы при гипертонической болезни // Артериальная гипертензия. – 2002. – Т. 4, № 3. – С. 22-29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andrikopoulos G.K., Richter D.J., Needham E.W. The paradoxical association of common polymorphism of the renin-angiotensin system genes with risk of myocardial infarction // Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil. – 2004. – Vol. 11, № 6. – P. 477-483.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andrikopoulos G.K., Richter D.J., Needham E.W. The paradoxical association of common polymorphism of the renin-angiotensin system genes with risk of myocardial infarction // Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil. – 2004. – Vol. 11, № 6. – P. 477-483.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agerholm-Larsen B., Nordestgaard B.G., Tybiarg-Hansen A. ACE gene polymorphism in cardiovascular disease: metaanalysis of small and large studies in whites // Atheroscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. – 2000. – Vol. 20, № 2. – P. 484-492.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agerholm-Larsen B., Nordestgaard B.G., Tybiarg-Hansen A. ACE gene polymorphism in cardiovascular disease: metaanalysis of small and large studies in whites // Atheroscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. – 2000. – Vol. 20, № 2. – P. 484-492.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hernandez Ortega E., Medina Fernandez-Aceituno A., Rodrigues Esparragon F.J. The involvement of the renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphism in coronary heart disease // Rev. Esp. Cardiol. – 2002. – Vol. 55, № 2. – P. 92-99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hernandez Ortega E., Medina Fernandez-Aceituno A., Rodrigues Esparragon F.J. The involvement of the renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphism in coronary heart disease // Rev. Esp. Cardiol. – 2002. – Vol. 55, № 2. – P. 92-99.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zee R.Y., Solomon S.D., Ajani U.A. Prospective evaluation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme D/I polymorphism and left ventricular remodeling in the «Healing and early afterload reducing therapy» study // Clin. Genet. – 2002. – Vol. 61, № 1. – P. 21-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zee R.Y., Solomon S.D., Ajani U.A. Prospective evaluation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme D/I polymorphism and left ventricular remodeling in the «Healing and early afterload reducing therapy» study // Clin. Genet. – 2002. – Vol. 61, № 1. – P. 21-25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu H., Liu M., Li W. et al. Association of ACE I/D gene polymorphism with vascular dementia: a meta-analysis // J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. – 2009. – Vol. 22, № 1. - Р. 10-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu H., Liu M., Li W. et al. Association of ACE I/D gene polymorphism with vascular dementia: a meta-analysis // J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. – 2009. – Vol. 22, № 1. - Р. 10-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu M.E., Tsai S.J., Lu T. et al. No association of angiotensin I converting enzyme I/D polymorphism with domain-specific cognitive function in aged men without dementia // Neuromolecular. Med. – 2011. – Vol. 13, № 3. – Р. 212-216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu M.E., Tsai S.J., Lu T. et al. No association of angiotensin I converting enzyme I/D polymorphism with domain-specific cognitive function in aged men without dementia // Neuromolecular. Med. – 2011. – Vol. 13, № 3. – Р. 212-216.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Z., Deng L., Bai F. et al. Alteration of resting brain function by genetic variation in angiotensin converting enzyme in amnestic-type mild cognitive impairment of Chinese Han // Behav. Brain Res. – 2010. – Vol. 208, № 2. – Р. 619-625.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Z., Deng L., Bai F. et al. Alteration of resting brain function by genetic variation in angiotensin converting enzyme in amnestic-type mild cognitive impairment of Chinese Han // Behav. Brain Res. – 2010. – Vol. 208, № 2. – Р. 619-625.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Z., Deng L., Bai F. et al. ACE I/D polymorphism affects cognitive function and gray-matter volume in amnestic mild cognitive impairment // Behav. Brain. Res. – 2011. – Vol. 218, № 1. – Р. 114-120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Z., Deng L., Bai F. et al. ACE I/D polymorphism affects cognitive function and gray-matter volume in amnestic mild cognitive impairment // Behav. Brain. Res. – 2011. – Vol. 218, № 1. – Р. 114-120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bai F., Zhang Z., Watson D.R. et al. Abnormal functional connectivity of hippocampus during episodic memory retrieval processing network in amnestic mild cognitive impairment // Biol. Psychiatry. – 2009. – Vol. 65, № 11. – Р. 951-958.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bai F., Zhang Z., Watson D.R. et al. Abnormal functional connectivity of hippocampus during episodic memory retrieval processing network in amnestic mild cognitive impairment // Biol. Psychiatry. – 2009. – Vol. 65, № 11. – Р. 951-958.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paaver M., Nordquist N., Parik J. et al. Platelet MAO activity and the 5-HTT gene promoter polymorphism are associated with impulsivity and cognitive style in visual information processing // Psychopharmacology. – 2007. – Vol. 194, № 4. – Р. 545–554.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paaver M., Nordquist N., Parik J. et al. Platelet MAO activity and the 5-HTT gene promoter polymorphism are associated with impulsivity and cognitive style in visual information processing // Psychopharmacology. – 2007. – Vol. 194, № 4. – Р. 545–554.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schofield P.R., Williams L.M., Paul R.H. et al. Disturbances in selective information processing associated with the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism: Evidence from cognition, the P300 and fronto-hippocampal systems // Biol. Psychol. – 2009. – Vol. 80, № 2. – P. 176–188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schofield P.R., Williams L.M., Paul R.H. et al. Disturbances in selective information processing associated with the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism: Evidence from cognition, the P300 and fronto-hippocampal systems // Biol. Psychol. – 2009. – Vol. 80, № 2. – P. 176–188.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu X., Oroszi G., Chun J., Smith T.L., Goldman D., Schuckit M.A. An expanded evaluation of the relationship of four alleles to the level of response to alcohol and the alcoholism risk // Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. – 2005. – Vol. 29, № 1. – P. 8–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu X., Oroszi G., Chun J., Smith T.L., Goldman D., Schuckit M.A. An expanded evaluation of the relationship of four alleles to the level of response to alcohol and the alcoholism risk // Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. – 2005. – Vol. 29, № 1. – P. 8–16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heils A., Teufel A., Petri S. et al. Allelic variation of human serotonin transporter gene expression // J. Neurochem. – 1996. – Vol. 66, № 6. – P. 2621–2624.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heils A., Teufel A., Petri S. et al. Allelic variation of human serotonin transporter gene expression // J. Neurochem. – 1996. – Vol. 66, № 6. – P. 2621–2624.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lesch K., Bengel D., Heils A. et al. Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region // Science. – 1996. – Vol. 274, № 5292. – P. 1527–1531.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lesch K., Bengel D., Heils A. et al. Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region // Science. – 1996. – Vol. 274, № 5292. – P. 1527–1531.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albani D., Prato F., Tettamanti M. et al. The serotonin transporter promoter polymorphic region is not a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease related behavioral disturbances // J. Alzheimers Dis. – 2009. – Vol. 18, № 1. – Р. 125-130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albani D., Prato F., Tettamanti M. et al. The serotonin transporter promoter polymorphic region is not a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease related behavioral disturbances // J. Alzheimers Dis. – 2009. – Vol. 18, № 1. – Р. 125-130.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polito L., Prato F., Rodilossi S et al. A novel study and meta-analysis of the genetic variation of the serotonin transporter promoter in the italian population do not support a large effect on Alzheimer's disease risk // Int. J. Alzheimers Dis. – 2011. – Vol. 2011. – P. 312-341.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polito L., Prato F., Rodilossi S et al. A novel study and meta-analysis of the genetic variation of the serotonin transporter promoter in the italian population do not support a large effect on Alzheimer's disease risk // Int. J. Alzheimers Dis. – 2011. – Vol. 2011. – P. 312-341.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Благосклонная Я.В., Шляхто Е.В., Бабенко А.Ю. Эндокринология: Уч. для мед. ВУЗов. - Спб.: СпецЛит, 2004. – 398 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Благосклонная Я.В., Шляхто Е.В., Бабенко А.Ю. Эндокринология: Уч. для мед. ВУЗов. - Спб.: СпецЛит, 2004. – 398 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sierra C., Antonio Coca A., Gómez-Angelats E., Poch E., Sobrino J., de la Sierra A. Renin-angiotensin system genetic polymorphisms and cerebral white matter lesions in essential hypertension // Hypertension. – 2002. – Vol. 39, № 2, Pt. 2. – P. 343-347.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sierra C., Antonio Coca A., Gómez-Angelats E., Poch E., Sobrino J., de la Sierra A. Renin-angiotensin system genetic polymorphisms and cerebral white matter lesions in essential hypertension // Hypertension. – 2002. – Vol. 39, № 2, Pt. 2. – P. 343-347.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Groop L. Genetics of the metabolic syndrome // Br. J. Nutr. – 2000. – Vol. 83, suppl. 1. – P. S39-S84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groop L. Genetics of the metabolic syndrome // Br. J. Nutr. – 2000. – Vol. 83, suppl. 1. – P. S39-S84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mykkanen L., Kuusisto J., Pyörälä K, Laakso M. Cardiovascular disease risk factors as predictors of type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in elderly subjects // Diabetologia. – 1993. – Vol. 36, № 6. – P. 553-559.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mykkanen L., Kuusisto J., Pyörälä K, Laakso M. Cardiovascular disease risk factors as predictors of type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in elderly subjects // Diabetologia. – 1993. – Vol. 36, № 6. – P. 553-559.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicholls M.G., Richards A.M., Agarwal M. The importance of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular disease // J. Hum. Hypertens. – 1998. – Vol. 12, № 5. – P. 295-299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nicholls M.G., Richards A.M., Agarwal M. The importance of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular disease // J. Hum. Hypertens. – 1998. – Vol. 12, № 5. – P. 295-299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsieh M.C., Lin S.R., Hsieh T.J. et al. Increased frequency of angiotensin-converting enzyme D/D genotype in patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan // Nephro. Dial. Transplant. – 2001. – Vol. 5. – P. 1008-1013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsieh M.C., Lin S.R., Hsieh T.J. et al. Increased frequency of angiotensin-converting enzyme D/D genotype in patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan // Nephro. Dial. Transplant. – 2001. – Vol. 5. – P. 1008-1013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cassis L.A., Police S.B., Yiannikouris F., Thatcher S.E. Local adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system // Cur. Hypertens. Rep. – 2008. – Vol. 10, № 2. – P. 93-98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cassis L.A., Police S.B., Yiannikouris F., Thatcher S.E. Local adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system // Cur. Hypertens. Rep. – 2008. – Vol. 10, № 2. – P. 93-98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xi B., Ruiter R., Chen J., Pan H., Wang Y., Mi J. The ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism and its association with metabolic syndrome // Metabolism. – 2011. – Vol. 61, № 6. - P. 102-106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xi B., Ruiter R., Chen J., Pan H., Wang Y., Mi J. The ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism and its association with metabolic syndrome // Metabolism. – 2011. – Vol. 61, № 6. - P. 102-106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Swieten J.C., Van den Hout J.H.W., Van Ketel B.A., Hijdra A., Wokke J.H., van Gijn J. Periventricular lesions in the white matter on magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly: a morphometric correlation with arteriolosclerosis and dilated perivascular spaces // Brain. – 1991. – Vol. 114, Pt. 2. – P. 761–774.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Swieten J.C., Van den Hout J.H.W., Van Ketel B.A., Hijdra A., Wokke J.H., van Gijn J. Periventricular lesions in the white matter on magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly: a morphometric correlation with arteriolosclerosis and dilated perivascular spaces // Brain. – 1991. – Vol. 114, Pt. 2. – P. 761–774.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Staessen J.A., Wang J.G., Ginocchio G. et al. The deletion/insertion polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene and cardiovascular-renal risk // J. Hypertens. – 1997. – Vol. 15, № 12, Pt. 2. – P. 1579–1592.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Staessen J.A., Wang J.G., Ginocchio G. et al. The deletion/insertion polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene and cardiovascular-renal risk // J. Hypertens. – 1997. – Vol. 15, № 12, Pt. 2. – P. 1579–1592.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma P. Meta-analysis of the ACE gene in ischaemic stroke // J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. – 1998. – Vol. 64, № 2. – P. 227–230.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma P. Meta-analysis of the ACE gene in ischaemic stroke // J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. – 1998. – Vol. 64, № 2. – P. 227–230.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kario K., Kanai N., Saito K., Nago N., Matsuo T., Shimada K. Ischemic stroke and the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme in Japanese hypertensives // Circulation. – 1996. – Vol. 93, № 9. – P. 1630–1633.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kario K., Kanai N., Saito K., Nago N., Matsuo T., Shimada K. Ischemic stroke and the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme in Japanese hypertensives // Circulation. – 1996. – Vol. 93, № 9. – P. 1630–1633.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sookoian S., Gianotti T.F., Burgueño A., Pirola C.J. Gene-gene interaction between serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and CLOCK modulates the risk of metabolic syndrome in rotating shiftworkers // Chronobiol. Int. – 2010. – Vol. 27, № 6. – Р. 1202-1218.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sookoian S., Gianotti T.F., Burgueño A., Pirola C.J. Gene-gene interaction between serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and CLOCK modulates the risk of metabolic syndrome in rotating shiftworkers // Chronobiol. Int. – 2010. – Vol. 27, № 6. – Р. 1202-1218.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buhot M.C., Martin S., Segu L. Role of serotonin in memory impairment // Ann. Med. – 2000. – Vol. 32, № 3. – Р. 210-221.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buhot M.C., Martin S., Segu L. Role of serotonin in memory impairment // Ann. Med. – 2000. – Vol. 32, № 3. – Р. 210-221.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zill P., Padberg F., de Jonge S. et al. Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene polymorphism in psychogeriatric patients // Neurosci. Lett. – 2000. – Vol. 284. – Vol. 284, № 1-2. – P. 113-115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zill P., Padberg F., de Jonge S. et al. Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene polymorphism in psychogeriatric patients // Neurosci. Lett. – 2000. – Vol. 284. – Vol. 284, № 1-2. – P. 113-115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Hara R., Schröder C.M., Mahadevan R.et al. Serotonin transporter polymorphism, memory, and hippocampal volume in the elderly: association and interaction with cortisol // Mol. Psychiatry. – 2007. – Vol. 12, № 6. – Р. 544–555.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Hara R., Schröder C.M., Mahadevan R.et al. Serotonin transporter polymorphism, memory, and hippocampal volume in the elderly: association and interaction with cortisol // Mol. Psychiatry. – 2007. – Vol. 12, № 6. – Р. 544–555.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marini S., Bagnoli S., Bessi V. et al. Implication of serotonin-transporter (5-HTT) gene polymorphism in subjective memory complaints and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) // Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. – 2011. – Vol. 52, № 2. – Р. e71-e74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marini S., Bagnoli S., Bessi V. et al. Implication of serotonin-transporter (5-HTT) gene polymorphism in subjective memory complaints and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) // Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. – 2011. – Vol. 52, № 2. – Р. e71-e74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
