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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">arthyper</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Артериальная гипертензия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>"Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension")</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-419X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-8524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Antihypertensive League</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/1607-419X-2019-25-3-246-257</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">arthyper-1817</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние лекарственных препаратов с антихолинергической активностью на когнитивные функции пациентов 80 лет и старше с эссенциальной артериальной гипертензией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of anticholinergic medications on cognitive function of patients 80 years and older with essential hypertension</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0795-8225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроумова</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroumova</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga D. Ostroumova - MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Head, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Pirogov RNRMU, RCRCG; Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, I.M. Sechenov FMSMU (Sechenov University).</p><p>16 1st Leonova str., Moscow, 129226</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.ostroumova3@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5107-8834</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студентка 6 курса лечебного факультета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria I. Kulikova - Student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mariakulikova123@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Sychev - MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy, RMACPE.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitry.alex.sychev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V Golovina - MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy, RMACPE; Head, Department of Internal Diseases, Hospital for War Veterans № 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olenka_golovina@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняева</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyaeva</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina S. Chernyaeva - MD, PhD, General Practitioner, Department of Internal Diseases</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Pilya.ru@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Обособленное структурное подразделение Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный медикостоматологический университет имени А. И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education named after A. I. Yevdokimov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; Городское бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Госпиталь для ветеранов войн № 2 ДЗМ</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education; Hospital for War Veterans № 2 Moscow Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городское бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Госпиталь для ветеранов войн № 2 ДЗМ</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Hospital for War Veterans № 2 Moscow Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>246</fpage><lpage>257</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Остроумова О.Д., Куликова М.И., Сычев Д.А., Головина О.В., Черняева М.С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Остроумова О.Д., Куликова М.И., Сычев Д.А., Головина О.В., Черняева М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ostroumova O.D., Kulikova M.I., Sychev D.A., Golovina O.V., Chernyaeva M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/1817">https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/1817</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Проявлением поражения головного мозга при артериальной гипертензии (АГ) являются когнитивные нарушения и деменция, которые у больных старческого возраста определяют их качество жизни и автономность (независимость от окружающих). Однако остается неучтенным влияние различных лекарственных средств (ЛС) на состояние когнитивных функций этих пациентов, что может диктовать необходимость оптимизации фармакотерапии.</p><p>Цель исследования — изучить влияние ЛС с антихолинергической (АХ) нагрузкой на когнитивные функции пациентов 80 лет и старше с эссенциальной АГ.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование последовательно включены 74 пациента (77 % женщин) в возрасте 80 лет и старше (медиана возраста 86 [82-89] лет) с эссенциальной АГ I-III стадии, находившиеся на лечении в терапевтическом отделении многопрофильного стационара. Критерии включения: пациенты с эссенциальной АГ I-III стадии, обоего пола; 2) возраст на момент включения в исследование — 80 лет и старше; наличие регулярной медикаментозной антигипертензивной терапии. Основные критерии невключения: 1) возраст менее 80 лет; инфаркт миокарда в течение предшествующих 3 месяцев; психические заболевания, зависимость от лекарственных препаратов или алкоголя; острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения в течение предшествующих 6 месяцев; нарушение пациентом процедур плана обследования и лечения. Каждому пациенту была проведена оценка когнитивного статуса, наличия депрессии, комплексная гериатрическая оценка, анализ медицинской документации. После определения количественного и качественного состава принимаемой лекарственной терапии был проведен ее анализ на наличие ЛС с АХ нагрузкой по шкале антихолинергической нагрузки (Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale, АСВ). Для оценки когнитивных функций использовали следующие шкалы и тесты: краткая шкала оценки психического статуса (Mini-mental State Examination, MMSE), Монреальская шкала оценки когнитивных функций (Montreal — Cognitive Assessment, MoCA), Бостонский тест называния (Boston Naming Test, BNT), тест литеральных и категориальных ассоциаций (Category fluency tests), тест на повторение цифр (Vexler’s test, subtest Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV), тест «символы и цифры» (Digit symbol substitution test, DSST), тест запоминания слов (Word List Test, WLT), оценочная шкала нарушений при болезни Альцгеймера—когнитивная субшкала (Alzheimer’s Disease Assesment Scale — Cognitive, ADAS-cog). Симптомы депрессии оценивали с помощью укороченной версии гериатрической шкалы депрессии (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS 15).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. После анализа лекарственных назначений пациентов на наличие ЛС с АХ нагрузкой по шкале АСВ они были разделены на 2 группы: 1-я группа — пациенты, не принимающие ЛС с АХ нагрузкой (n = 25, 33,8 %), 2-я группа — пациенты, принимающие ЛС с АХ нагрузкой (n = 49, 66,2 %). При анализе когнитивных функций в исследуемых группах было выявлено, что у пациентов, принимающих ЛС с АХ нагрузкой, в отличие от пациентов, не принимающих подобные препараты, наблюдалось более выраженное снижение когнитивных функций по следующим шкалам: MMSE (более низкий общий балл: 21 [18-23] и 22,5 [20-26] баллов соответственно, p = 0,04), узнаваемых картинок по Бостонскому тесту (меньшее количество названных картинок: 27 [25-30] и 30 [28-31] баллов соответственно, р = 0,014) и по когнитивной субшкале ADAS-cog (более высокий балл: 16,7 [12-19,3] и 12,7 [11-14,6] балла соответственно, р = 0,03).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У пациентов 80 лет и старше с эссенциальной АГ прием ЛC с АХ нагрузкой ассоциирован с более выраженным снижением когнитивных функций.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Cognitive impairment and dementia are the symptoms of brain damage in hypertension (HTN), which impair quality of life and autonomy, in particular, in elderly patients. However, the influence of various drugs on the cognitive functions remains unclear.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To assess the effect of anticholinergic drugs on cognitive functions in hypertensive patients aged 80 years and older.</p></sec><sec><title>Design and methods</title><p>Design and methods. We consistently included 74 patients (77 % women) aged 80 years and older (median age 86 [82-89] years) with essential HTN stage I—III, who were admitted to the Department of Internal Diseases at the multidisciplinary hospital. Inclusion criteria were the following: patients with essential HTN stage I—III of both sexes; 2) age at the time of inclusion in the study — 80 years and older; regular antihypertensive therapy. The main non-inclusion criteria were the following: 1) age less than 80 years; myocardial infarction during the previous 3 months; mental illness, dependence on drugs or alcohol; acute cerebrovascular events during previous 6 months; non-compliance with the study protocol. Each patient underwent the assessment of cognitive status, depression, comprehensive geriatric evaluation. Medical records were studied. When medications were administered, the prescribed anticholinergic (AH) drugs were assessed by the scale of anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB). The following scales and tests were used to evaluate cognitive functions: Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal-Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Boston naming test (Boston Naming Test (BNT), Category fluency tests, subtest Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV), Digit symbol substitution test (DSST), Word List Test (WLT), Alzheimer’s Disease Assesment Scale — Cognitive (ADAS-cog). Symptoms of depression were assessed using a shortened version of the geriatric Depression Scale (GDS 15).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Based on the AH burden (the ACB scale), the patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st group included patients who do not take drugs with AH burden (n = 25, 33,8 %), 2nd group included patients taking drugs with AH burden (n = 49, 66,2 %). Patients who took drugs with AH burden showed a more pronounced decrease in cognitive functions: MMSE (lower overall score: 21 [18—23] and 22,5 [20—26] points, respectively, p = 0.04), number of recognizable images on the Boston test (lower number of the images: 27 [25— 30] and 30 [28—31], respectively, p = 0.014), and the cognitive adas-cog subscale (higher score, 16,7 [12—19,3] and 12,7 [11—14,6], respectively, p = 0.03).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In HTN patients aged 80 years and older, therapy with AH burden is associated with the more profound decrease in cognitive functions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>старческий возраст</kwd><kwd>антихолинергические лекарственные препараты</kwd><kwd>шкала антихолинергической нагрузки (бремени)</kwd><kwd>когнитивные функции</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>полипрагмазия</kwd><kwd>нежелательные побочные реакции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypertension</kwd><kwd>elderly age</kwd><kwd>anticholinergic medications</kwd><kwd>Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale</kwd><kwd>cognitive functions</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>polypharmacy</kwd><kwd>adverse drug reactions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захаров В. В. 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