arthyperАртериальная гипертензия"Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension")1607-419X2411-8524Antihypertensive League10.18705/1607-419X-2021-27-6-608-616arthyper-2157Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL ARTICLESРоль мембранной и циркулирующей форм ACE 2 в развитии различных патологических процессов на фоне COVID-19The role of membrane and circulating forms of ACE 2 in pathological processes in COVID-19 infectionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1896-5703ЧебуркинЮ. В.CheburkinY. V.

 кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник, заведующий научно-исследовательской лабораторией инфекционных патогенов и биомолекулярных наноструктур

 ул. Аккуратова, д.2, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 197341 

 MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Head, Laboratory of Contagious and Biomolecular Nanostructures

 2 Akkuratov street, St Petersburg, 197341 Russia 

cheburkin_yuv@almzovcentre.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1705-7217СонинД. Л.SoninD. L.

 кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий научно-исследовательским отделом микроциркуляции и метаболизма миокарда; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биофизики кровообращения Научно-образовательного института биомедицины 

ул. Аккуратова, д.2, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 197341 

MD, PhD, Head, Department of Microcirculation and Myocardial Metabolism; Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Blood Circulation Biophysics

  2 Akkuratov street, St Petersburg, 197341 Russia 

sonin_d@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6980-6094ПолозовА. С.PolozovA. S.

лаборант научно-исследовательской лаборатории инфекционных патогенов и биомолекулярных наноструктур; младший научный сотрудник Лаборатории физиологии питания 

ул. Аккуратова, д.2, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 197341 

Research Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Contagious and Biomolecular Nanostructures; Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition 

2 Akkuratov street, St Petersburg, 197341 Russia 

polozovalexandr20@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-4416МатейковичП. А.MateikovichP. A.

 младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории нейрогенеза и нейродегенеративных заболеваний и научно-исследовательской лаборатории инфекционных патогенов и биомолекулярных наноструктур

ул. Аккуратова, д.2, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 197341 

 Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Laboratory of Contagious and Biomolecular Nanostructures

 2 Akkuratov street, St Petersburg, 197341 Russia 

sandhani@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1874-2067СавочкинаЕ. В.SavochkinaE. V.

лаборант научно-исследовательской лаборатории инфекционных патогенов и биомолекулярных наноструктур; младший научный сотрудник Лаборатории физиологии питания 

ул. Аккуратова, д.2, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 197341 

 Research Laboratory Assistant, Contagious and Biomolecular Nanostructures; Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition

 2 Akkuratov street, St Petersburg, 197341 Russia 

lisasav108@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-9944ГалагудзаМ. М.GalagudzaM. M.

 доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор института экспериментальной медицины, главный научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела микроциркуляции и метаболизма миокарда, заведующий кафедрой патологической физиологии Института медицинского образования ФГБУ ; профессор кафедры патофизиологии с курсом клинической патофизиологии 

ул. Аккуратова, д.2, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 197341 

 MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS, Director, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Chief Researcher, Department of Microcirculationand Myocardial Metabolism, Head, Department of Pathological Physiology of the Institute of Medical Education; Professor, Department of Pathophysiology with the Course of Clinical Pathophysiology

 2 Akkuratov street, St Petersburg, 197341 Russia 

galagoudza@mail.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «НМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research CentreRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «НМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение Высшего образования «ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research Centre; Pavlov UniversityRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «НМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова» Российской академии наукРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research Centre; Pavlov Institute of PhysiologyRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «НМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России, , Россия; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение Высшего образования «ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research Centre; Pavlov UniversityRussian Federation202117032022276608616Copyright © Чебуркин Ю.В., Сонин Д.Л., Полозов А.С., Матейкович П.А., Савочкина Е.В., Галагудза М.М., 20222022Чебуркин Ю.В., Сонин Д.Л., Полозов А.С., Матейкович П.А., Савочкина Е.В., Галагудза М.М.Cheburkin Y.V., Sonin D.L., Polozov A.S., Mateikovich P.A., Savochkina E.V., Galagudza M.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/2157

В обзоре литературы сделана попытка проанализировать ключевую информацию о функциях и патогенетическом значении ангиотензинпревращающего фермента 2 (ACE 2) у человека. ACE 2 участвует в развитии таких заболеваний, как артериальная гипертензия, мальабсорбция некоторых аминокислот в кишечнике, а также пневмония нового типа COVID-19, вызванная вирусом SARS-CoV-2. На основании современных источников дана оценка роли дифференциальной экспрессии рецепторных и растворимых форм этого белка в функционировании ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы, а также механизмов участия ACE2 в последовательном химическом превращении ангиотензина II и его влияния на функцию сердечно-сосудистой системы. Также затронута роль ACE2 в развитии воспалительных процессов в кишечнике и влиянии на состав кишечной микробиоты. Кроме того, в обзоре представлены обобщенные данные о протеолитической активации S-гликопротеина вируса SARS-CoV-2 и его участии вместе с ACE2 в процессе внедрения вируса в клетку-мишень. В заключение рассмотрена гипотеза аутоиммунных осложнений при COVID-19, связанных с образованием иммунного комплекса S-гликопротеин-ACE2 и выработкой аутоантител против него.

The review analyzes milestone information about the function and pathogenic significance of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is involved in the development of diseases such as hypertension, malabsorption of certain amino acids in the intestine, and a new type of pneumonia COVID-19 caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus. Based on the latest literary sources, an assessment is made of the role of differential expression of receptor and soluble forms of this protein in the functioning of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, as well as the mechanisms of ACE2 participation in the sequential chemical conversion of angiotensin II and its effect on the function of the cardiovascular system. The role of ACE2 in the development of inflammatory processes in the intestine and its effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiota are also discussed. In addition, the review presents most general data on the proteolytic activation of the S-glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its participation, together with ACE2, in the process of virus introduction into the host cell. In conclusion, the hypothesis about autoimmune complications of COVID-19 associated with the formation of the S-glycoproteinACE2 immune complex and the production of autoantibodies is considered.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.