<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">arthyper</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Артериальная гипертензия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>"Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension")</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-419X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-8524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Antihypertensive League</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/1607-419X-2022-28-5-557-572</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">arthyper-2219</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ структуры лекарственных назначений у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией и фибрилляцией предсердий в условиях коморбидности и их соответствие критериям STOPP/START</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of the structure of drug prescriptions in patients with arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation in conditions of comorbidity and their compliance with the STOPP/START criteria</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5801-3742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочетков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochetkov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кочетков Алексей Иванович—кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М.С. Вовси</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey I. Kochetkov, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M.S. Vovsi</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ak_info@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1316-7654</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батюкина</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Batyukina</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Батюкина Светлана Владимировна — аспирант 2-го года обучения кафедры терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М.С. Вовси</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Batyukina, PhD student of the 2nd year of study at the Department of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M.S. Vovsi</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">batyukina.svetlana@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-6077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаталова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatalova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаталова Наталья Андреевна—ассистент кафедры терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М.С. Вовси</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Shatalova, Assistant of the Department of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M.S. Vovsi</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalia.sh2018@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3900-758X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дё</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>De</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дё Валерия Анатольевна—ординатор 2-го года обучения кафедры терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М.С. Вовси</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria A. De, resident of the 2nd year of study of the Department of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M. S. Vovsi</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">devaleria97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-9573</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликов</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куликов Илья Сергеевич — ординатор второго года обучения кафедры терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М.С. Вовси</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya S. Kulikov, a second-year resident of the Department of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M. S. Vovsi</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilya_kulikov_33@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7294-7274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Араблинский</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arablinsky</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Араблинский Никита Александрович — врач-ординатор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita A. Arablinsky, resident doctor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nekit1868@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воеводина</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voevodina</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воеводина Надежда Юрьевна — кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по медицинской части</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda Yu. Voevodina, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy Chief Physician for the medical part</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gkb-mukhina@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шастина</surname><given-names>В. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shastina</surname><given-names>V. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шастина Вера Ростиславовна — кандидат медицинских наук, главный врач</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera R. Shastina, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Chief Physician</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ShastinaVR@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбатенкова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbatenkova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбатенкова Светлана Вартановна — кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по лечебной работе</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Gorbatenkova, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy Chief Physician for Medical Work</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorbatenkova_sv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3091-7904</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняева</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyaeva</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черняева Марина Сергеевна—кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, врач-гериатр, терапевт</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina S. Chernyaeva, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, geriatrician, therapist</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctor@cherniaeva.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0795-8225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроумова</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroumova</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Остроумова Ольга Дмитриевна—профессор, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М.С. Вовси ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО МЗ РФ, профессор кафедры клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней ФГАОУ ВО ПМГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова МЗ РФ</p><p>ул. Баррикадная, д.2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga D. Ostroumova, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M. S. Vovsi of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Professor of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</p><p>2/1, bldg. 1 Barrikadnaya str., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostroumova.olga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-3680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сычев Дмитрий Алексеевич—доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, заведующий кафедрой клинической фармакологии и терапии имени академика Б.Е. Вотчала, ректор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Sychev, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy named after Academician B.E. Votchal, Rector</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimasychev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Centre for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городское бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница имени Е.О. Мухина Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>E.О. Mukhin Municipal Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Госпиталь для ветеранов войн № 2 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Veterans Hospital No 2</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; &#13;
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education;&#13;
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>557</fpage><lpage>572</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кочетков А.И., Батюкина С.В., Шаталова Н.А., Дё В.А., Куликов И.С., Араблинский Н.А., Воеводина Н.Ю., Шастина В.Р., Горбатенкова С.В., Черняева М.С., Остроумова О.Д., Сычев Д.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кочетков А.И., Батюкина С.В., Шаталова Н.А., Дё В.А., Куликов И.С., Араблинский Н.А., Воеводина Н.Ю., Шастина В.Р., Горбатенкова С.В., Черняева М.С., Остроумова О.Д., Сычев Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kochetkov A.I., Batyukina S.V., Shatalova N.A., De V.A., Kulikov I.S., Arablinsky N.A., Voevodina N.Y., Shastina V.R., Gorbatenkova S.V., Chernyaeva M.S., Ostroumova O.D., Sychev D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/2219">https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/2219</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Артериальная гипертензия (АГ) часто сочетается с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа (СД2), является одним из ведущих модифицируемых факторов риска (ФР) сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, фибрилляции предсердий (ФП), хронической болезни почек (ХБП), а прогрессирование почечной дисфункции служит мощным предиктором дебюта ФП у пациентов с повышенным артериальным давлением. Нерациональное назначение лекарственных средств (ЛС) является ФР нежелательных лекарственных реакций, что особенно значимо для пожилых пациентов и ведет к повышению риска неблагоприятных клинических исходов.</p><p>Цель исследования — проанализировать соответствие фармакотерапии критериям STOPP/START у коморбидных пациентов пожилого возраста с АГ и сочетанными СД2, ХБП и ФП, находящихся на лечении в многопрофильном стационаре.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Включены данные историй болезни 1600 пациентов в возрасте ≥ 65 лет с АГ и/или ФП, поступивших в многопрофильные стационары г. Москвы в период с 1 июля 2018 года по 30 июня 2019 года. Пациенты были разделены на две группы — (1) АГ в сочетании с ФП (n = 822, женщины — 73%, медиана возраста 87 [79; 90]) и (2) контрольную группу (n = 778, женщины — 79,9%, медиана возраста 78 [71; 85]) Оценка назначения ЛС производилась по STOPP/START критериям.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Количество пациентов, которым не были назначены рекомендованные лекарственные препараты, было статистически значимо (p &lt; 0,001) выше в группе АГ + ФП (785 человек, 95,5%) по сравнению с контрольной группой (623 человека, 80,1%). Количество пациентов, которым были назначены потенциально не рекомендованные ЛС, аналогично было статистически значимо (p &lt; 0,001) выше в группе АГ + ФП (439, 53,4%) по сравнению с контрольной группой (328, 42,2%). Наиболее часто встречавшимися START критериями являлись: 1) статины при документированной истории коронарного, церебрального или периферического сосудистого заболевания (в группе АГ + ФП — 672, 81,8% от количества пациентов в группе; в контрольной группе — 464, 59,6%; p &lt; 0,001); 2) клопидогрел у пациентов с ишемическим инсультом или заболеванием периферических сосудов в анамнезе (cсоответственно 324, 39,4% и 237, 30,5%; p &lt; 0,001); 3) варфарин/прямые оральные антикоагулянты при ФП (в группе АГ + ФП — 294, 35,8%). Наиболее часто встречавшимися STOPP критериями являлись: 1) препараты, способные усилить запор при хроническом запоре, если имеется более подходящая альтернатива (в группе АГ + ФП —160, 19,5% от количества пациентов в группе; в контрольной группе — 47,6%; p &lt; 0,001); 2) ЛС с антихолинергической активностью при хроническом запоре (соответственно 111, 13,5% и 74, 9,5%; р = 0,013); 3) ингибиторы ангиотензинпревращающего фермента или блокаторы рецепторов ангиотензина II у пациентов с гиперкалиемией (соответственно, 26, 3,2% и 94, 12,1%; р &lt; 0,001). Сходные результаты были получены при анализе подгрупп АГ + ФП с сопутствующим СД2, ХБП и без таковых.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Полученные результаты диктуют необходимость оптимизации фармакотерапии у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с АГ и сочетанными заболеваниями в условиях стационара. На практике чаще встречаются START критерии, а не STOPP; то есть в реальности чаще не производится назначения необходимых ЛС там, где они показаны, и относительно редко назначаются препараты с неблагоприятным профилем безопасности у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Arterial hypertension (AH) is often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), is one of the leading modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation (AF), chronic kidney disease (CKD). Progression of renal dysfunction is a powerful predictor of the onset of AF in patients with high blood pressure. Irrational prescription of drugs is a risk factor for adverse drug reactions, which is especially important for elderly patients and leads to an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To analyze the concordance of pharmacotherapy with the STOPP/START criteria in comorbid elderly patients with AH and combined DM2, CKD and AF treated in a multidisciplinary hospitals.</p></sec><sec><title>Design and methods</title><p>Design and methods. Included data from medical records of 1600 patients aged ≥ 65 years with AH and/or AF admitted to multidisciplinary hospitals in Moscow from July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019. Patients were divided into two groups — (1) AH in combination with AF (n = 822, women — 73%, median age 87 [79; 90]) and (2) control group (n = 778, women — 79,9%, median age 78 [71; 85]) Evaluation of the appointment of drugs was made according to the “STOPP/START” criteria.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The number of patients who were not prescribed the recommended drugs was statistically significant (p &lt; 0,001) and higher in the AH + AF group (785 people, 95,5%) compared to the control group (623 people, 80,1%). The number of patients who were prescribed potentially non-recommended drugs was similarly statistically significant (p &lt; 0,001) higher in the AH + AF group (439, 53,4%) compared to the control group (328, 42,2%). The most common START criteria were: 1. Statins with a documented history of coronary, cerebral or peripheral vascular disease (in the AH + AF group — 672, 81,8% of the number of patients in the group; in the control group — 464, 59,6%; p &lt; 0,001) 2. Clopidogrel in patients with ischemic stroke or a history of peripheral vascular disease (c respectively, 324, 39,4% and 237, 30,5%; p &lt; 0,001) 3. Warfarin/direct oral anticoagulants in AF (in the group AG + FP — 294, 35,8%). The most common STOPP criteria were: 1. Drugs that can increase constipation in chronic constipation, if there is a more suitable alternative (in the AH + AF group — 160, 19,5% of the number of patients in the group; in the control group — 47,6%; p &lt; 0,001). 2. Drugs with anticholinergic activity in chronic constipation (respectively, 111, 13,5% and 74, 9,5%; p = 0,013). 3. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers in patients with hyperkalemia (respectively, 26, 3,2 % and 94, 12,1%; p &lt; 0,001). Similar results were obtained in the analysis of subgroups of AH + AF with concomitant DM2, CKD and without them.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The results obtained dictate the need to optimize pharmacotherapy in elderly and very old patients with AH and comorbidities in a hospital setting. In practice, START criteria are more common than STOPP, that is, in reality, the necessary drugs are often not prescribed where they are indicated and drugs with an unfavorable safety profile are prescribed relatively rarely in elderly and senile patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пожилой возраст</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>STOPP/START критерии</kwd><kwd>фармакотерапия</kwd><kwd>нежелательные лекарственные реакции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>old age</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>STOPP/START criteria</kwd><kwd>pharmacotherapy</kwd><kwd>adverse drug reactions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oliveros E, Patel H, Kyung S, Fugar S, Goldberg A, Madan N et al. Hypertension in older adults: assessment, management, and challenges. Clin Cardiol. 2020;43(2):99–107. doi:10.1002/clc.23303</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oliveros E, Patel H, Kyung S, Fugar S, Goldberg A, Madan N et al. Hypertension in older adults: assessment, management, and challenges. Clin Cardiol. 2020;43(2):99–107. doi:10.1002/clc.23303</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M et al. American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics 2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;131(4):29–322. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M et al. American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics 2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;131(4):29–322. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lloyd-Jones DM, Evans JC, Levy D. Hypertension in adults across the age spectrum: current outcomes and control in the community. JAMA. 2005;294(4):466–472. doi:10.1001/jama.294.4.466</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lloyd-Jones DM, Evans JC, Levy D. Hypertension in adults across the age spectrum: current outcomes and control in the community. JAMA. 2005;294(4):466–472. doi:10.1001/jama.294.4.466</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franklin SS, Larson MG, Khan SA, Wong ND, Leip EP, Kannel WB et al. Does the relation of blood pressure to coronary heart disease risk change with aging? The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2001;103(9):1245–1249. doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.9.1245</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Franklin SS, Larson MG, Khan SA, Wong ND, Leip EP, Kannel WB et al. Does the relation of blood pressure to coronary heart disease risk change with aging? The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2001;103(9):1245–1249. doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.9.1245</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Bureau of Statistics. National data 2019. [Internet] [cited 2021 Jun 9] Available from: http://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Bureau of Statistics. National data 2019. [Internet] [cited 2021 Jun 9] Available from: http://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chin YR, Lee IS, Lee HY. Effects of hypertension, diabetes, and/or cardiovascular disease on health-related quality of life in elderly Korean individuals: a population-based cross-sectional survey. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2014;8(4):267–273. doi:10.1016/j.anr.2014.10.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chin YR, Lee IS, Lee HY. Effects of hypertension, diabetes, and/or cardiovascular disease on health-related quality of life in elderly Korean individuals: a population-based cross-sectional survey. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2014;8(4):267–273. doi:10.1016/j.anr.2014.10.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van den Akker M, Buntinx F, Metsemakers JF, Roos S, Knottnerus JA. Multimorbidity in general practice: prevalence, incidence, and determinants of co-occurring chronic and recurrent diseases. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51(5):367–375. doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00306-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van den Akker M, Buntinx F, Metsemakers JF, Roos S, Knottnerus JA. Multimorbidity in general practice: prevalence, incidence, and determinants of co-occurring chronic and recurrent diseases. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51(5):367–375. doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00306-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fan ZY, Yang Y, Zhang CH, Yin RY, Tang L, Zhang F. Prevalence and patterns of comorbidity among middle-aged and elderly people in China: a Cross-Sectional Study Based on CHARLS Data. Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:1449–1455. doi:10.2147/IJGM.S309783</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fan ZY, Yang Y, Zhang CH, Yin RY, Tang L, Zhang F. Prevalence and patterns of comorbidity among middle-aged and elderly people in China: a Cross-Sectional Study Based on CHARLS Data. Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:1449–1455. doi:10.2147/IJGM.S309783</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рубрикатор клинических рекомендаций Минздрава Российской федерации: клинические рекомендации «Артериальная гипертензия у взрослых». Год утверждения 2020. [Internet] [cited 2021 Jun 9] Available from http://cr.rosminzdrav.ru/#!/recomend/687</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubricator of clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation: clinical recommendations “Arterial hypertension in adults”. The year of approval is 2020. [Internet] [city 2021, June 9] Available from http://cr.rosminzdrav.ru/#!/recommend/687. In Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рубрикатор клинических рекомендаций Минздрава Российской федерации: клинические рекомендации «Сахарный диабет 2-го типа». Год утверждения 2019 [Internet] [cited 2021 Jun 9] Available from https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/290_1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubricator of clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation: clinical recommendations “Type 2 diabetes mellitus”. The year of approval is 2019. [[Internet] [city 2021, June 9] Available from https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/290_1. In Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akalu Y, Belsti Y. Hypertension and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020;13:1621–1631. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S254537</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akalu Y, Belsti Y. Hypertension and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020;13:1621–1631. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S254537</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dan GA, Badila E, Weiss E, Laroche C, Boriani G, Dan A et al. Arterial hypertension in patients with atrial fibrillation in Europe: a report from the EURObservational Research Programme pilot survey on atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. 2018;254:136–141. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.10.092</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dan GA, Badila E, Weiss E, Laroche C, Boriani G, Dan A et al. Arterial hypertension in patients with atrial fibrillation in Europe: a report from the EURObservational Research Programme pilot survey on atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. 2018;254:136–141. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.10.092</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexander N, Matsushita K, Sang Y, Ballew S, Mahmoodi BK, Astor BC et al. Kidney measures with diabetes and hypertension on cardiovascular disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Nephrol. 2015;41(4–5):409–417. doi:10.1159/000433450</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexander N, Matsushita K, Sang Y, Ballew S, Mahmoodi BK, Astor BC et al. Kidney measures with diabetes and hypertension on cardiovascular disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Nephrol. 2015;41(4–5):409–417. doi:10.1159/000433450</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оганов Р.Г., Симаненков В.И., Бакулин И.Г., Бакулина Н.В., Барбараш О.Л., Бойцов С.А. и др. Коморбидная патология в клинической практике. Алгоритмы диагностики и лечения. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2019;18(1):5– 66. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2019-1-5-66</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oganov RG, Simanenkov VI, Bakulin IG, Bakulina NV, Barbarash OL, Boytsov SA et al. Comorbidities in clinical practice. Algorithms for diagnostics and treatment. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2019;18(1):5–66. In Russian. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2019-1-5-66</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cычев Д.А. Полипрагмазия в клинической практике: проблема и решения. 2-издание. СПб.: ЦОП «Профессия»; 2018. 272 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sychev DA. Polypharmacy in clinical practice: a problem and solutions. 2nd edition. St Petersburg: CSC “Profession”; 2018. 272 p. In Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mangin D, Bahat G, Golomb BA, Mallery LH, Moorhouse P, Onder G et al. International Group for Reducing Inappropriate Medication Use &amp; Polypharmacy (IGRIMUP): position statement and 10 recommendations for action. Drugs Aging. 2018;35(7):575–587. doi:10.1007/s40266-018-0554-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mangin D, Bahat G, Golomb BA, Mallery LH, Moorhouse P, Onder G et al. International Group for Reducing Inappropriate Medication Use &amp; Polypharmacy (IGRIMUP): position statement and 10 recommendations for action. Drugs Aging. 2018;35(7):575–587. doi:10.1007/s40266-018-0554-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Connor J, Adabavazeh B, Choi H, Khan A, Shah S, Shah S. Use of the STOPP and START criteria to address polypharmacy for elderly patients in University Hospital Lewisham Clinical Decisions Unit. Hong Kong J Emergency Med. 2021;28(2):79–84. doi:10.1177/1024907919849358</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Connor J, Adabavazeh B, Choi H, Khan A, Shah S, Shah S. Use of the STOPP and START criteria to address polypharmacy for elderly patients in University Hospital Lewisham Clinical Decisions Unit. Hong Kong J Emergency Med. 2021;28(2):79–84. doi:10.1177/1024907919849358</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gallagher P, O’Mahony D. STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Persons’ potentially inappropriate Prescriptions): application to acutely ill elderly patients and comparison with Beers’ criteria. Age Ageing. 2008;37(6):673–679. doi:10.1093/ageing/afn197</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gallagher P, O’Mahony D. STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Persons’ potentially inappropriate Prescriptions): application to acutely ill elderly patients and comparison with Beers’ criteria. Age Ageing. 2008;37(6):673–679. doi:10.1093/ageing/afn197</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NICE Medicines and Prescribing Centre (UK). Medicines Optimisation: The safe and effective use of medicines to enable the best possible outcomes. Manchester: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); March 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NICE Medicines and Prescribing Centre (UK). Medicines Optimisation: The safe and effective use of medicines to enable the best possible outcomes. Manchester: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); March 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Mahony D, O’Sullivan D, Byrne S, O’Connor MN, Ryan C, Gallagher P. STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2. Age Ageing. 2015;44(2):213–218. doi:10.1093/ageing/afu145</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Mahony D, O’Sullivan D, Byrne S, O’Connor MN, Ryan C, Gallagher P. STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2. Age Ageing. 2015;44(2):213–218. doi:10.1093/ageing/afu145</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ривкин В.Л. Хронические запоры. Медицинский совет. 2013;(10):76–80. [Rivkin VL. Chronic constipation. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2013;(10):76–80. In Russian]. doi:10.21518/2079-701X2013-10-76-80</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rivkin VL. Chronic constipation. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2013;(10):76–80. In Russian]. doi:10.21518/2079-701X2013-10-76-80</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Маев И.В., Шептулин А.А., Трухманов А.С., Полуэктова Е.А., Баранская Е.К. и др. Клинические рекомендации Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации по диагностике и лечению взрослых пациентов с хроническим запором. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2017;27(3):75–83. doi:10.22416/1382-4376-2017-27-3-75-83</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin VT, Mayev IV, Sheptulin AA, Trukhmanov AS, Poluektova YA, Baranskaya YK et al. Diagnostics and treatment of chronic constipation in adults: clinical guidelines of the Russian gastroenterological association. Russ J Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2017;27(3):75–83. In Russian. doi:10.22416/1382-4376-2017-27-3-75-83</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лазебник Л.Б., Прилепская С.И., Барышников Е.Н., Парфенов А.И., Косачева Т.Н. Распространенность и факторы риска запоров у взрослого населения Москвы (по данным популяционного исследования «МУЗА». Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2011;(3):68–73</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazebnik LB, Prilepskaya SI, Baryshnikov EN, Parfenov AI, Kosacheva TN. Prevalence and risk factors of constipation in the adult population of Moscow (according to the population study “MUZA”. Exp Clin Gastroenterol. 2011;(3):68–73. In Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Towers AL, Burgio KL, Locher JL, Merkel IS, Safaeian M, Wald A. Constipation in the elderly: influence of dietary, psychological, and physiological factors. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994;42(7):701–706. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06527.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Towers AL, Burgio KL, Locher JL, Merkel IS, Safaeian M, Wald A. Constipation in the elderly: influence of dietary, psychological, and physiological factors. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994;42(7):701–706. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06527.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drossman DA, Li Z, Andruzzi E, Temple RD, Talley NJ, Thompson WG et al. U.S. householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact. Dig Dis Sci. 1993;38(9):1569–1580. doi:10.1007/BF01303162</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drossman DA, Li Z, Andruzzi E, Temple RD, Talley NJ, Thompson WG et al. U.S. householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact. Dig Dis Sci. 1993;38(9):1569–1580. doi:10.1007/BF01303162</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации «Хроническая сердечная недостаточность». Год утверждения: 2020. [Internet] [cited 2021 Jun 9] Available from: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/156_1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical recommendations “Chronic heart failure”. Year of approval: 2020. [Internet] [city 2021, June 9] Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/156_1. In Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hollander-Rodriguez JC, Calvert JF Jr. Hyperkalemia. Am Fam Physician. 2006;73(2):283–290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hollander-Rodriguez JC, Calvert JF Jr. Hyperkalemia. Am Fam Physician. 2006;73(2):283–290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кочетков А.И., Де В.А., Воеводина Н.Ю., Чачиашвили М.В., Гришина А.В., Остроумова О.Д. Аспекты практического применения STOPP/START критериев у пациентов старшей возрастной группы с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа и эссенциальной артериальной гипертензией в эндокринологическом отделении многопрофильного стационара. Артериальная гипертензия. 2019;25(3):214–224 doi:10.18705/1607-419X2019-25-3-214-224/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kochetkov AI, De VA, Voevodina NYu, Chachiashvili MV, Grishina AV, Ostroumova OD. The application of the STOPP/START criteria in the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension at the endocrinology department of a multidisciplinary hospital. Arterial’naya Gipertenziya = Arterial Hypertension. 2019;25(3):214– 224. In Russian. doi:10.18705/1607-419X2019-25-3-214-224/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdelhafiz AH, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Morley JE, SinclairAJ. Hypoglycemia in older people—a less well recognized risk factor for frailty. Aging Disease. 2015;6(2):156–167. doi:10.14336/AD.2014.0330</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdelhafiz AH, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Morley JE, SinclairAJ. Hypoglycemia in older people—a less well recognized risk factor for frailty. Aging Disease. 2015;6(2):156–167. doi:10.14336/AD.2014.0330</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goto А, Arah ОА, Goto М, Terauchi Y, Noda M. Severe hypoglycaemia and cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis with bias analysis. BMJ. 2013;347:f4533. doi:10.1136/bmj.f4533</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goto А, Arah ОА, Goto М, Terauchi Y, Noda M. Severe hypoglycaemia and cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis with bias analysis. BMJ. 2013;347:f4533. doi:10.1136/bmj.f4533</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344(8934):1383–1389. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90566-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344(8934):1383–1389. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90566-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frank MS, Marc AP, Lemuel AM, Jean LR, John DR, Thomas GC et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(14):1001–1009. doi:10.1056/NEJM199610033351401</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frank MS, Marc AP, Lemuel AM, Jean LR, John DR, Thomas GC et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(14):1001–1009. doi:10.1056/NEJM199610033351401</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">La Rosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, Shear Ch, Barter P, Fruchart J-Ch et al. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(14):1425–1435. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa050461</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">La Rosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, Shear Ch, Barter P, Fruchart J-Ch et al. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(14):1425–1435. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa050461</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360(9326):7–22. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09327-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360(9326):7–22. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09327-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации «Стабильная ишемическая болезнь сердца». Год утверждения: 2020 [Internet] [cited 2022 Jun 9] Available from: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/155_1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical recommendations “Stable ischemic heart disease”. Year of approval: 2020. [Internet] [city 2022, June 9]. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/155_1. In Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рекомендации ЕОК/ЕОСХ по диагностике и лечению заболеваний периферических артерий 2017. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2018;(8):164–221. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2018-8-164-221</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2017 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial diseases, in collaboration with the European society for vascular surgery (ESVS). Russ J Cardiol. 2018;(8):164–221. In Russian. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2018-8-164-221</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G, Wiklund O, Chapman MJ, Drexel H et al. 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(39):2999– 3058. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw272</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G, Wiklund O, Chapman MJ, Drexel H et al. 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(39):2999– 3058. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw272</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aung PP, Maxwell HG, Jepson RG, Price JF, Leng GC. Lipid-lowering for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;2007(4):CD 000123. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000123.pub2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aung PP, Maxwell HG, Jepson RG, Price JF, Leng GC. Lipid-lowering for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;2007(4):CD 000123. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000123.pub2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumbhani DJ, Steg PG, Cannon CP, Eagle KA, Smith S Jr, Goto S et al. Statin therapy and long-term adverse limb outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease: insights from the REACH registry. Eur Heart J. 2014;3(41):2864–2872. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu080</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumbhani DJ, Steg PG, Cannon CP, Eagle KA, Smith S Jr, Goto S et al. Statin therapy and long-term adverse limb outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease: insights from the REACH registry. Eur Heart J. 2014;3(41):2864–2872. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu080</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harker LA, Boissel JP, Pilgrim AJ, Gent M. Comparative safety and tolerability of clopidogrel and aspirin: results from CAPRIE. CAPRIE Steering Committee and Investigators. Clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events. Drug Saf. 1999;21(4):325–335. doi:10.2165/00002018-199921040-00007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harker LA, Boissel JP, Pilgrim AJ, Gent M. Comparative safety and tolerability of clopidogrel and aspirin: results from CAPRIE. CAPRIE Steering Committee and Investigators. Clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events. Drug Saf. 1999;21(4):325–335. doi:10.2165/00002018-199921040-00007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhatt DL, Flather MD, Hacke W, Berger PB, Black HR, Boden WE et al. Patients with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49(19):1982–1988. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.03.025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhatt DL, Flather MD, Hacke W, Berger PB, Black HR, Boden WE et al. Patients with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49(19):1982–1988. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.03.025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang TH, Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Steinhubl SR, Brennan DM, Hacke W et al. An analysis of mortality rates with dual–antiplatelet therapy in the primary prevention population of the CHARISMA trial. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(18):2200–2207. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm274</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang TH, Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Steinhubl SR, Brennan DM, Hacke W et al. An analysis of mortality rates with dual–antiplatelet therapy in the primary prevention population of the CHARISMA trial. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(18):2200–2207. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm274</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации «Фибрилляция и трепетание предсердий у взрослых». Год утверждения: 2020. [Internet] [cited 2022 Jul 24] Available from: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/382_1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical recommendations “Atrial fibrillation and flutter in adults”. Year of approval: 2020. [Internet] [city 2022, July 24] Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/382_1. In Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mant JW, Richards SH, Hobbs FD, Fitzmaurice D, Lip GY, Murray E et al. Midlands Research Consortium of General Practice. Protocol for Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Treatment of the Aged study (BAFTA): a randomized controlled trial of warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention in the management of atrial fibrillation in an elderly primary care population [ISRCTN89345269]. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2003;(3):9. doi:10.1186/1471-2261-3-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mant JW, Richards SH, Hobbs FD, Fitzmaurice D, Lip GY, Murray E et al. Midlands Research Consortium of General Practice. Protocol for Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Treatment of the Aged study (BAFTA): a randomized controlled trial of warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention in the management of atrial fibrillation in an elderly primary care population [ISRCTN89345269]. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2003;(3):9. doi:10.1186/1471-2261-3-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Medicare Amin A, Keshishian A, Dina O, Dhamane A, Nadkarni A, Carda E et al. Comparative clinical outcomes between direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin among elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the CMS medicare population. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2019;48(2):240–249. doi:10.1007/s11239-019-01838-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medicare Amin A, Keshishian A, Dina O, Dhamane A, Nadkarni A, Carda E et al. Comparative clinical outcomes between direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin among elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the CMS medicare population. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2019;48(2):240–249. doi:10.1007/s11239-019-01838-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(38):2893–2962. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw210</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(38):2893–2962. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw210</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Talajic M, Khairy P, Levesque S, Connolly SJ, Dorian P, Dubuc M et al. Maintenance of sinus rhythm and survival in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(17):1796–1802. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talajic M, Khairy P, Levesque S, Connolly SJ, Dorian P, Dubuc M et al. Maintenance of sinus rhythm and survival in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(17):1796–1802. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельниченко Г. А., Белая Ж. Е., Рожинская Л. Я., Торопцова Н.В., Алексеева Л. И., Бирюкова Е.В. и др. Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике остеопороза. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2017;63(6):392–426 doi:10.14341/probl2017636392-426</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mel’nichenko GA, Belaya ZE, Rozhinskaya LY, Toroptsova NV, Alekseeva LI, Biryukova EV et al. Russian federal clinical guidelines on the diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of osteoporosis. Probl Endocrinol. 2017;63(6):392–426. In Russian. doi:10.14341/probl2017636392-426</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Мельниченко Г.А., Белая Ж.Е., Рожинская Л.Я. Остеопороз — от редкого симптома эндокринных болезней до безмолвной эпидемии XX–XXI века. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2011;57(1):35–45 doi:10.14341/probl201157135-45</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov II, Melnichenko GA, Belaya ZhE, Rozhinskaya LYa. Osteoporosis — from a rare symptom of endocrine diseases to a silent epidemic of the XX– XXI century. Endocrinol Probl. 2011;57(1):35–45. In Russian. doi:10.14341/probl201157135-45</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
