arthyperАртериальная гипертензия"Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension")1607-419X2411-8524Antihypertensive League10.18705/1607-419X-2024-2425HGAFKHarthyper-2425Research ArticleСтатьиArticlesИнтракраниальный атеросклероз: современное состояние проблемы (обзор литературы)Intracranial atherosclerosis: the current state of the problem (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-8119ТанашянМ. М.TanashyanM. M.

Танашян Маринэ Мовсесовна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заместитель директора по научной работе, руководитель 1-го неврологического отделения ФГБНУ НЦН.

Волоколамское ш., д. 80, Москва, 125367

Marine M. Tanashyan - MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director for Research, Head, 1st Neurological Department, Research Center of Neurology.

80, Volokolamskoye highway, Moscow, 125367

m_tanashyan2004@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8960-721XМазурА. С.MazurA. S.

Мазур Андрей Сергеевич — врач-невролог, аспирант 1-го неврологического отделения ФГБНУ НЦН.

Волоколамское ш., д. 80, Москва, 125367

Andrey S. Mazur - MD, Neurologist, Postgraduate Student, 1st Neurological Department, Research Center of Neurology.

80, Volokolamskoye highway, Moscow, 125367

A1699466@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-767XРаскуражевА. А.RaskurazhevA. A.

Раскуражев Антон Алексеевич — кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник 1-го неврологического отделения, ФГБНУ НЦН.

Волоколамское ш., д. 80, Москва, 125367

Anton A. Raskurazhev - MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, 1st Neurological Department, Research Center of Neurology.

80, Volokolamskoye highway, Moscow, 125367

rasckey@live.comФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научный центр неврологии»РоссияResearch Center of NeurologyRussian Federation202427052024304354363Copyright © Танашян М.М., Мазур А.С., Раскуражев А.А., 20242024Танашян М.М., Мазур А.С., Раскуражев А.А.Tanashyan M.M., Mazur A.S., Raskurazhev A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/2425

В настоящем обзоре представлены современные данные, посвященные эпидемиологии, патогенезу, диагностике и лечению интракраниального атеросклероза — одного из наиболее актуальных направлений сосудистой неврологии последнего десятилетия. Интракраниальный атеросклероз является распространенной причиной ишемического инсульта во всем мире, на долю которого в странах Южно-Восточной Азии, Латинской Америки и Африки приходится до половины всех ишемических инсультов. Активно ведутся исследовательские работы, посвященные оценке распространенности интракраниального атеросклероза среди европеоидной расы. Арсенал диагностических методов исследования интракраниального атеросклероза с каждым годом растет: внедрение магнитно-резонансной томографии сосудистой стенки с высоким разрешением, поиск специфических биомаркеров крови открывают новые горизонты исследований в этой области даже на самых ранних этапах бессимптомного течения заболевания. Неоднозначным остается вопрос лечения и профилактики у данной когорты пациентов, учитывая высокий риск рецидива ишемического инсульта. Большинство исследований (SAMMPRIS, VISSIT, VAST) касаются сравнения агрессивного медикаментозного лечения с эндоваскулярными методиками хирургического лечения. Согласно последним результатам проведенных исследований, значительное преимущество в предотвращении развития инсульта отдается антитромбоцитарной терапии.

This review presents current data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of intracranial atherosclerosis — one of the most relevant areas of vascular neurology of the last decade. Intracranial atherosclerosis is a common cause of ischemic stroke worldwide, accounting for up to half of all ischemic strokes in South-East Asia, Latin America and Africa. Research is actively underway to assess the prevalence of intracranial atherosclerosis among the Caucasian race. New diagnostic methods for the study of intracranial atherosclerosis appear every year, in particular, the introduction of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the vascular wall, the search for specific blood biomarkers broaden horizons of research in this field even at the earliest asymptomatic stages of the disease. Treatment and prevention in this cohort of patients remain ambiguous, given the high risk of recurrence of ischemic stroke. Most studies (SAMMPRIS, VISSIT, VAST) relate to the comparison of aggressive drug treatment with endovascular surgical treatment techniques. According to the latest research results, antiplatelet therapy has a significant advantage in preventing stroke.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.