arthyperАртериальная гипертензия"Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension")1607-419X2411-8524Antihypertensive League10.18705/1607-419X-2015-21-3-224-230arthyper-251Research ArticleРЕДАКЦИОННАЯ СТАТЬЯEDITORIALЭпидемиология: вчера, сегодня, завтра (краткий экскурс в историю эпидемиологии и обзор наиболее актуальных проблем)Epidemiology: yesterday, today, tomorrow (brief overview of history and current issues)РотарьО. П.RotarO. P.

кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая научно-исследовательской лабораторией эпидемиологии артериальной гипертензии ФГБУ «СЗФМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России.

MD, PhD, Head, Research Laboratory of HypertensionEpidemiology, Almazov Federal North-West Medical Research Centre

rotar@almazovcentre.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Северо-Западный федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, 197341. Тел.: +7(812)702–37–56РоссияAlmazov Federal North-West Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratov street, St Petersburg, 197341 Russia. Tel: +7(812)702–37–56.Russian Federation201505102015213224230Copyright © Ротарь О.П., 20152015Ротарь О.П.Rotar O.P.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/251

Эпидемиология занимается изучением распространенности и детерминант болезней с главной целью — контролировать и предотвратить проблемы со здоровьем. История развития, цели и задачи эпидемиологии до сих пор остаются неясными для ученых и врачей, хотя современная доказательная медицина базируется на результатах эпидемиологических исследований, как наблюдательных, так и интервенционных. В статье описаны главные вехи развития и смены парадигм в эпидемиологии — от первых попыток эпидемиологического анализа Джона Граунта до современного парадокса профилактики Джеффри Роуза. В рамках «эпидемиологического сдвига» в структуре заболеваемости и смертности населения неинфекционные заболевания являются доминирующей причиной летальности с большим вкладом сердечных и цереброваскулярных причин, хронической болезни легких и метаболических нарушений, онкологических заболеваний, травм и стресс-обусловленных расстройств. В настоящее время эпидемиология продолжает развиваться: становятся популярными популяционная генетика, эпидемиология окружающей среды и старения, фармакоэпидемиология, а также трансляционный аспект эпидемиологических исследований. В разделе проблем современной эпидемиологии рассматриваются вопросы хранения и обработки «Больших данных», а также необходимость усовершенствования хранения и конфиденциальности данных в рамках новых видов эпидемиологических исследований.

Epidemiology studies prevalence and determinants of diseases in order to control and prevent health problems. History, aims and tasks of epidemiology are still unclear for researchers and clinicians, although modern evidencebased medicine is based on results of epidemiological observational and interventional studies. Paper gives an overview of epidemiology development and paradigm changes since first attempts by John Graunt until modern conception of prevention paradox suggested by Geoffrey Rose. There is a phenomenon of “epidemiological transition” which is associated with the predominance of non-communicable diseases, in particular, of cardioand cerebrovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, metabolic disorders, oncological diseases, traumas and stress-related problems, as the main reasons of morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is further progress in epidemiology — population genetics, environmental epidemiology and aging, pharmacoepidemiology and translational epidemiology are becoming more and more popular. Among modern problems of epidemiology, the storing and analysis of Big Data, as well as the necessity of the improvement in data storage and privacy are among the main issues under discussion.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.