arthyperАртериальная гипертензия"Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension")1607-419X2411-8524Antihypertensive League10.18705/1607-419X-2015-21-4-356-370arthyper-299Research ArticleЛЕКЦИЯLECTUREГормоны жировой ткани и их роль в формировании гормонального статуса и патогенезе метаболических нарушений у женщинAdipose tissue hormones and their role for female fertility and metabolic disordersКовалеваЮ. В.KovalyovaY. V.

кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии имени С.Н. Давыдова,

ул. Кирочная, д. 41, Санкт-Петербург, 193015

MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after S.N. Davydov, 41 Kirochnaya street, St Petersburg, 193015

yuliya_kovalyova@inbox.ruГосударственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияNorth-Western State Medical University named after I.I. MechnikovRussian Federation201504122015214356370Copyright © Ковалева Ю.В., 20152015Ковалева Ю.В.Kovalyova Y.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/299

Как показали исследования последних лет, жировая ткань не только служит для накопления и хранения энергетических субстратов, но и весьма активна в метаболическом аспекте, а также продуцирует множество гормоноподобных веществ, медиаторов, цитокинов, хемокинов, которые действуют на местном и системном уровне и оказывают влияние на метаболизм, чувствительность к инсулину, репродуктивную и иммунную систему. Таким образом, жировая ткань является своеобразной эндокринной железой, способной секретировать большое количество факторов, оказывающих пара- и эндокринные эффекты. Продукты секреции адипоцитов являются гормонами (лептин, адипонектин, резистин и другие), воспалительными цитокинами (фактор некроза опухоли альфа, интерлейкин‑6), протеинами ренин-ангиотензиновой системы, в то время как другие вовлечены в работу системы комплемента и сосудистый гемостаз (ингибитор активатора плазминогена‑1). Жировая ткань является одним из важных мест активной продукции и метаболизма половых стероидов и глюкокортикоидов. Нарушение секреции и действия адипокинов при ожирении может быть ведущим фактором в развитии инсулинорезистентности, нарушения метаболизма липидов и глюкозы. Данные пептиды оказывают разнонаправленное влияние на организм и при нарушении взаимодействия способствуют развитию прежде всего ассоциированных с ожирением социально значимых заболеваний — атеросклероза, сахарного диабета 2‑го типа, инфаркта миокарда, артериальной гипертензии, инсульта, а также разнообразных нарушений репродуктивной функции. В статье описаны основные адипокины, синтезируемые жировой тканью, их роль в регуляции пищевого поведения, функций репродуктивной системы, метаболических процессов и развитии инсулинорезистентности. Целью обзора является анализ публикаций, отражающий уже известные аспекты биологического действия и регуляции этих гормонов, а также новые данные последних лет.

Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism. These actions are mediated by both actions of a number of non-secreted proteins and hormones produced in adipocytes. Adipose tissue is a complex, essential and highly active metabolic and endocrine organ. It does not only respond to afferent signals from hormone systems and the central nervous system but also produces and secrets factors with important endocrine functions. These factors include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, cytokines, complement components, plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1, proteins of the renin-angiotensin system. Adipose tissue is also a major site for metabolism of sex steroids and glucocorticoids. Hormones produced by adipose tissue play a critical role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, reproduction, cardiovascular function and immunity. The hormones (leptin, adiponectin, resistin) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin‑6) produced by the adipose tissue are the link between obesity and obesity-related complications. A review discusses the role of these hormones in the regulation of energy homeostasis and insulin action. This article presents an overview of the endocrine functions of adipose tissue and discusses the structure, function and clinical significance of adipokines. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the most important aspects of the biology, actions, and regulation of these hormones and to give an updated concept based on recent publications.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.