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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">arthyper</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Артериальная гипертензия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>"Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension")</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-419X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-8524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Antihypertensive League</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/1607-419X-2017-23-5-433-446</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">arthyper-686</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЦЕРЕБРОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ И КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ СО2-РЕАКТИВНОСТЬ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ROLE OF CEREBROVASCULAR AND CARDIOVASCULAR CO2-REACTIVITY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликов</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куликов Владимир Павлович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор Алтайского медицинского института последипломного образования.</p><p>ул. Ползунова, 34 а, Барнаул, 656043.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir P. Kulikov, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Altai Medical Institute of Postgraduate Education.</p><p>34a Polzunova st., Barnaul, 656043. </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">altmedinst@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецова Дарья Владимировна — доцент кафедры патологической физиологии Алтайского государственного медицинского университета.</p><p>Барнаул.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria V. Kuznetsova, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pathological Physiology, Altai State Medical University.</p><p>Barnaul.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заря</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zarya</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заря Артем Николаевич — аспирант кафедры патологической физиологии Алтайского государственного медицинского университета.</p><p>Барнаул.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem N. Zarya, MD, Postgraduate Student, Department of Pathological Physiology, Altai State Medical University.</p><p>Barnaul.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Алтайский государственный медицинский университет; Алтайский медицинский институт последипломного  образования.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Altai State Medical University; Altai Medical Institute of Postgraduate Education.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>433</fpage><lpage>446</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куликов В.П., Кузнецова Д.В., Заря А.Н., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куликов В.П., Кузнецова Д.В., Заря А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulikov V.P., Kuznetsova D.V., Zarya A.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/686">https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/686</self-uri><abstract><p>Выраженные эмоции вызывают возбуждение центральной нервной системы (ЦНС), симпатическую активацию, подъем артериального давления (АД) и гипервентиляцию. При продолжительных отрицательных эмоциях, сопровождающихся гипервентиляцией, хемочувствительность к СО2 повышается, что поддерживает хроническую гипокапнию и приводит к нарушению регуляции АД и стабилизации артериальной гипертензии (АГ). Ключевым механизмом гипертензивного эффекта хронической гипервентиляции является, вероятно, изменение чувствительности хеморецепторов к СО2. Респираторные тренировки с периодической гиперкапнией имеют существенный терапевтический потенциал при АГ, восстанавливая чувствительность хеморецепторов к СО2 и усиливая антиоксидантную активность. Гипокапния нарушает ауторегуляцию, и мозговые сосуды утрачивают способность нивелировать скачки АД, что оказывает неблагоприятное воздействие на связанные с хеморецепторами процессы регуляции дыхания и АД. При прогрессировании АГ возникает зависимое от степени повышения АД нарушение церебральной ауторегуляции. Также при гипокапнии снижается тонус внутричерепных вен, что может быть причиной повышения внутричерепного давления и нарушения центральной регуляции АД. Порог кардиоваскулярной СО2-реактивности в норме выше порога цереброваскулярной СО2-реактивности. Кардиоваскулярная СО2-реактивность изменяется уже на начальном этапе развития АГ. В отличие от здоровых лиц, у больных с АГ реакция АД на гипер/гипокапнию развивается медленнее, и величина АД не восстанавливается после его снижения на гипокапнию, что может отражать нарушение механизма контроля АД. Цереброваскулярная СО2-реактивность при АГ в целом снижается. При этом вазодилатационный резерв мозговых сосудов сохраняется в большей степени, чем вазоконстрикторный, что отражает характер ремоделирования мозговых сосудов при АГ, для которого характерно сужение просвета за счет гипертрофии стенки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Intense emotions cause arousal of the central nervous system, sympathetic activation, blood pressure (BP) increase and hyperventilation. Continuous negative emotions coming with hyperventilation lead to increase in CO2-chemosensitivity that keeps chronic hypocapnia constant and results in BP dysregulation and stable arterial hypertension (AH). The key mechanism of a hypertensive effect of chronic hyperventilation probably lies in sensitivity changes of CO2-chemoreceptors. Respiratory training with periodic hypercapnia has potential therapeutic effect in HTN by restoring CO2-chemoreceptor sensitivity and increasing antioxidant activity. Hypocapnia violates autoregulation mechanisms. Cerebral blood vessels lose their ability to neutralize BP surges, which negatively affects chemoreceptor-related processes of respiratory and BP regulation. With the HTN progression, cerebrovascular dysregulation occurs depending on the BP level. Moreover, hypocapnia is accompanied by the reduction of intracranial venous tone which can lead to increased intracranial pressure and problems with BP regulation in the brain. The threshold level of cardiovascular CO2-reactivity is normally higher than the threshold level of cerebrovascular CO2-reactivity. The changes in cardiovascular CO2-reactivity occur already in the initial period of HTN. Compared to healthy people, hypertensive patients develop slower BP reaction to hyper/hypocapnia, and hypercapnia induced low BP does not restore to the baseline level that can result from the BP dysregulation.  In general, cerebrovascular CO2-reactivity is decreased in HTN patients. However, the cerebrovascular vasodilator function is preserved better than the vasoconstrictor reserve demonstrating that cerebral vessel remodeling in HTN is characterized by luminal narrowing due to the vascular wall hypertrophy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>гипокапния</kwd><kwd>гиперкапния</kwd><kwd>цереброваскулярная реактивность</kwd><kwd>кардиоваскулярная реактивность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>hypocapnia</kwd><kwd>hypercapnia</kwd><kwd>cerebrovascular reactivity</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular reactivity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ainslie PN, Duffin J. Integration of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity and chemoreflex control of breathing: mechanisms of regulation, measurement, and interpretation. 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