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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">arthyper</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Артериальная гипертензия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>"Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension")</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-419X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-8524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Antihypertensive League</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/1607-419X-2018-24-6-674-683</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">arthyper-843</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интермиттирующая стимуляция блуждающего нерва для преодоления эффекта «ускользания» реакции частоты сердечных сокращений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Intermittent vagus nerve stimulation allows preventing the “escape” effect of heart rhythm changes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5667-3744</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полещенко</surname><given-names>Я. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poleshchenko</surname><given-names>Ya. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полещенко Яна Игоревна — зоолаборант питомника лабораторных животных.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana I. Poleshchenko, zoolaborant, Nursery for Laboratory Animals, Institute of Experimental Medicine.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">poleschenko_yai@almazovcentre.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олейников</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oleynikov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олейников Дмитрий Аркадьевич — младший научный сотрудник НИЛ биопротезирования и кардиопротекции, ИЭМ; младший научный сотрудник НИЛ нейромодуляции.</p><p>пр. Пархоменко, д. 15,  Санкт-Петербург, 194156.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Oleynikov, MD, Junior Researcher, Research Laboratory for Bioprosthetics and Cardioprotection, Institute of Experimental Medicine;  Junior Researcher.</p><p>15 Parkhomenko avenue, St Petersburg, 194156. </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleynikov_da@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукичев</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukichev</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лукичев Вадим Юрьевич — доктор экономических наук, профессор.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim Yu. Lukichev, DSc for Economical Sciences, Professor.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lucichev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хромихин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khromikhin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хромихин Дмитрий Андреевич — ассистент кафедры И4 «Радиоэлектронные системы управления».</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Khromikhin, Assistant, Department for Radioelectronic Managing Systems.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">xpom_1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крылова Мария Анатольевна — ассистент кафедры И4 «Радиоэлектронные системы управления» .</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Krylova, Assistant, Department for Radioelectronic Managing Systems.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maria_tiger_1996@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сонин</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sonin</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сонин Дмитрий Леонидович — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий НИО микроциркуляции и метаболизма миокарда, ЦЭБ, ИЭМ ФГБУ «НМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биофизики кровообращения НОИ биомедицины ГБОУ ВПО ПСПбГМУ им. И. П. Павлова Минздрава России.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry L. Sonin, MD, PhD, Head, Research Department of Microcirculation and Myocardial Metabolism; Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Circulation Biophysics, Biomedicine Institute.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sonin_dl@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпов Андрей Александрович — младший научный сотрудник НИЛ нанотехнологий, Института экспериментальной медицины.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Karpov, MD, Junior Researcher, Research laboratory for Nanotechnology, Institute of Experimental Medicine.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karpov_aa@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубина</surname><given-names>П. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubina</surname><given-names>P. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шубина Полина Юрьевна — зоолаборант питомника лабораторных животных ЦДТИ ИЭМ.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina Yu. Shubina, zoolaborant, Nursery for Laboratory Animals, Institute of Experimental Medicine.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shubina_pyu@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Процак</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Protsak</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Процак Егор Сергеевич — зоолаборант питомника лабораторных животных ЦДТИ ИЭМ.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor S. Protsak, zoolaborant, Nursery for Laboratory Animals, Institute of Experimental Medicine.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">protsak_es@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедев Дмитрий Сергеевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, НИО аритмологии; профессор.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry S. Lebedev, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Leading Researcher, Research Department of Arrhythmology; Professor.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галагудза</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galagudza</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галагудза Михаил Михайлович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент Российской академии наук, директор Института экспериментальной медицины; профессор кафедры патофизиологии.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail M. Galagudza, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, Institute of Experimental Medicine;  Professor, Department of Pathophysiology.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galagudza_mm@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минасян</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minasian</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минасян Саркис Минасович — кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник НИО микроциркуляции и метаболизма миокарда Института экспериментальной медицины; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории патофизиологии НОИ Биомедицины.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sarkis M. Minasian, MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Research Department of Microcirculation and Myocardial Metabolism, Institute of Experimental Medicine; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Biomedicine Department.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaylov</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михайлов Евгений Николаевич — доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник НИЛ нейромодуляции НИО аритмологии;  профессор.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eugene N. Mikhaylov, MD, PhD, DSc, Leading Researcher, Research Laboratory for Neuromodulation, Research Department of Arrhythmology; Professor.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение   «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр  имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения   Российской Федерации.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение   высшего образования «Балтийский государственный   технический университет «ВОЕНМЕХ» им. Д. Ф. Устинова».</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baltic State Technical University “Voenmeh” n. a. D. F. Ustinov.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение   высшего образования «Балтийский государственный   технический университет «ВОЕНМЕХ» им. Д. Ф. Устинова».</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baltic State Technical University “Voenmeh” n.a. D. F. Ustinov.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение   «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр  имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения   Российской Федерации; Государственное бюджетное образовательное   учреждение высшего профессионального образования   «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный   медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова»  Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre;  Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Circulation Biophysics, Biomedicine Institute.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution> Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение   «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр  имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения   Российской Федерации.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение   «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр  имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения   Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное  учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский  государственный электротехнический университет «ЛЭТИ»  им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина)».</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre;  Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution> Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение   «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр  имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения   Российской Федерации;  Государственное бюджетное образовательное   учреждение высшего профессионального образования   «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный   медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова»  Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre; First Pavlov Medical University of St. Petersburg.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение   «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр  имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения   Российской Федерации;  Государственное бюджетное образовательное   учреждение высшего профессионального образования   «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный   медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова»  Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre; First Pavlov Medical University of St. Petersburg.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>674</fpage><lpage>683</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Полещенко Я.И., Олейников Д.А., Лукичев В.Ю., Хромихин Д.А., Крылова М.А., Сонин Д.Л., Карпов А.А., Шубина П.Ю., Процак Е.С., Лебедев Д.С., Галагудза М.М., Минасян С.М., Михайлов Е.Н., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полещенко Я.И., Олейников Д.А., Лукичев В.Ю., Хромихин Д.А., Крылова М.А., Сонин Д.Л., Карпов А.А., Шубина П.Ю., Процак Е.С., Лебедев Д.С., Галагудза М.М., Минасян С.М., Михайлов Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Poleshchenko Y.I., Oleynikov D.A., Lukichev V.Y., Khromikhin D.A., Krylova M.A., Sonin D.L., Karpov A.A., Shubina P.Y., Protsak E.S., Lebedev D.S., Galagudza M.M., Minasian S.M., Mikhaylov E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/843">https://htn.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/843</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Электрическая стимуляция блуждающего нерва была предложена для лечения целого ряда заболеваний: эпилепсии, сердечной недостаточности, ожирения. Был предложен подход к ограничению ишемического и реперфузионного повреждения миокарда путем стимуляции вагуса. Особая значимость воздействия на вагус обусловлена его способностью замедлять частоту сердечных сокращений, снижать артериальное давление, влиять на перфузию миокарда. Эффекты подпороговой стимуляции вагуса способствуют стабилизации вариабельности ритма сердца и уменьшению ишемических и реперфузионных желудочковых аритмий. Однако методика стимуляции блуждающего нерва, позволяющая воспроизводимо получать эффект активации нерва с преодолением феномена «ускользания» сердечно-сосудистых реакций, не была освещена соответствующим образом в предыдущих публикациях.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Определить параметры продолжительной стимуляции вагуса, при которой возможно замедлять частоту сердечных сокращений (отрицательный хронотропный эффект), избегая эффекта «ускользания» от парасимпатической активации.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В эксперименте использовались самцы крыс линии Вистар (n = 9). Всем животным проводилось хирургическое выделение цервикального сегмента вагуса. Далее к изолированному стволу левого блуждающего нерва крепились специальные электроды, соединенные со специально разработанным электрическим генератором импульсов. Проводилась регистрация электрокардиограммы, артериальное давление измерялось прямым методом в правой общей сонной артерии. На первом этапе проводилось изучение параметров стимуляции, воспроизводимо индуцирующих замедление частоты ритма и не приводящих к повреждению нерва. На втором этапе проводилось тестирование режимов интермиттирующей стимуляции, способной преодолеть эффект «ускользания» снижения частоты ритма.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Во время эксперимента у 5 животных были выявлены следующие параметры тока, вызывающие воспроизводимый эффект снижения частоты ритма на 30 ± 20 % и не вызывающие видимого повреждения нерва: прямоугольный импульс, 30 Гц, 0,5 мс, 1–2 В (0,6–0,8 мА). При стимуляции 50 Гц было выявлено поражение ствола нерва в 1 случае. При стимуляции 20 Гц получены чрезмерное снижение частоты ритма и артериального давления. Интермиттирующая стимуляция нерва тестировалась у 4 животных и приводила к повторяемому эффекту снижения частоты ритма на 38 ± 15 %. Выявлено, что при длительности эпизодов стимуляции 45 сек и перерывами между эпизодами стимуляции 15 сек достигнуто приемлемое модулирование парасимпатической активности вагуса, без эффекта «ускользания» реакции частоты ритма.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предложенная методика интермиттирующей стимуляции способствует проявлению вагусных эффектов на миокард и позволяет избежать эффекта «ускользания» снижения частоты ритма. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Vagus nerve stimulation has been proposed for the treatment of a number of diseases. The positive effects of vagus nerve stimulation on ischemic and reperfusion myocardial injury has been tested in experimental models. However, the escape effect of vagus activation on heart rate and the methodology to overcome this effect have not been reported properly.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The purpose of the study is to evaluate parameters of prolonged stimulation that decrease heart rate and allow overcoming the escape effect of vagus nerve activation.</p></sec><sec><title>Design and methods</title><p>Design and methods. We used Wistar rats (n = 9). Cervical section was performed under general anesthesia. Left vagus nerve isolated from adjacent tissue was contacted with custom stimulation electrodes and a custom pulse generator. Blood pressure was measured in the right common carotid artery. Limb electrocardiogram was continuously recorded. First, stimulation parameters repeatedly evoking vagal reaction (decrease in heart rate) without nerve damage were evaluated. Second, parameters of intermittent stimulation that allowed repeat and consistent heart rate decrease were assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. During experiments, in 5 animals the following parameters leading to sustained 30 ± 20 % heart rate reduction were found: rectangular pulse, 30 Hz, 0,5 ms, 1–2 V (0,6– 0,8 mA). Stimulation with 50 Hz frequency led to nerve damage in 1 case. Stimulation with 20 Hz frequency led to heart rate over-suppression of heart rate and blood pressure. Intermittent nerve stimulation was tested in 4 animals and led to repeated heart rate decrease by 38 ± 15 %. The parameters which helped to avoid escape effect on heart rate change were the following: the length of stimulation episode of 45 s and interruption of stimulation for 15 s.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Intermittent electrical stimulation evokes vagal reactions on heart rate and allows overcoming the escape effect of vagal activation. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вегетативная нервная система</kwd><kwd>блуждающий нерв</kwd><kwd>стимуляция</kwd><kwd>эффект «ускользания»</kwd><kwd>сердечный ритм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autonomic nervous system</kwd><kwd>vagus nerve</kwd><kwd>stimulation</kwd><kwd>escape effect</kwd><kwd>heart rate</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">РФФИ № 18–29–02036 и 18–315–20050</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en"> Russian Foundation of Fundamental  Studies, projects № 18–29–02036 and  № 18–315–20050</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanoli E., De Ferrari G, Stramba-Badiale M, Hull SS Jr, Foreman RD, Schwartz PJ. 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