Vascularstiffness in healthy subjects with cardiovascularrisk factors

Objective. The aim of the study was to assess vascular stiffness in healthy subjects with different cardiovascular risk factors (components of metabolic syndrome) and its relation to other target organ damage. Design and methods. We examined 117 patients having at least one metabolic syndrome component. Left ventricular hypertrophy according to ASE 2006 was detected in 45 %, microalbuminuria - in 27 %, decreased ankle-brachial index - in 24 %, carotid plaques in - 15 %. Results. None of the subjects had pulse wave velocity (PWV, carotid-femoral) more than 12 m/s. PWV was related only to age and blood pressure and correlated with other target organ damage level.

vascular stiffness, metabolic syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, ankle-brachial index, target organ damage

1. Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) // J. Hypertens. - 2007. - Vol. 25, № 6. - P. 1105−1187.

2.

3. Willum-Hansen T., Staessen J.A., Torp-Pedersen C. et al. Prognostic value of aortic pulse wave velocity as index of arterial stiffness in general population // Circulation. - 2006. - Vol. 113, № 5. - Vol. 664-670.

4.

5. Asmar R. Arterial stiffness and pulse wave velocity - clinical applications. Paris: Elsevier, 1999. - P. 9-43.

6.

7. Grundy S.M., Cleeman J.I., Daniels S.R. et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement // Circulation.- 2005. - Vol. 112, № 24. - P. 2735-2752.

8.

9. Козиолова Н.В., Конради А.О. Оптимизация критериев метаболического синдрома. Российский институт метаболического синдрома - согласованная позиция // Артериальная гипертензия. - 2007. - Т. 13, № 3. - С. 134-141.

10.

11. Executive summary of the third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) // J. Am. Med. Assoc. - 2001. - Vol. 285, № 19. - P. 2486-2497

12.

13. International Diabetes Federation. Worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. Available at: http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/IDF_ Metabolic syndrome_definition.pdf. Accessed August 24, 2005.

14.

15. Lang R.M., Bierig M., Devereux R.B. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16376782> // J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. - 2005. - Vol. 18, № 12. - P. 1440-1463.

16.

17. Salonen J.T <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Salonen%20JT%22%5BAuthor%5D>., Salonen R <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Salonen%20R%22%5BAuthor%5D>. Ultrasound B-mode imaging in observational studies of atherosclerotic progression // Circulation. <javascript:AL_get(this,%20'jour',%20'Circulation.');> - 1993. - Vol. 87, № 3 (Suppl.). - P. II56-II65.

18.

19. Pignoli P <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Pignoli%20P%22%5BAuthor%5D>., Longo T <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Longo%20T%22%5BAuthor%5D>. Evaluation of atherosclerosis with B-mode ultrasound imaging // J. Nucl. Med. Allied. Sci. <javascript:AL_get(this,%20'jour',%20'J%20Nucl%20Med%20Allied%20Sci.');> - 1988. - Vol. 32, № 3. - P. 166-173.

20.

21. Levey A.S., Greene T., Kusek J.W. et al. A simplified equation to predict glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. - 2000. - 11. - P. 155A.

22.

23. Levy D. Left ventricular hypertrophy. Epidemiological insights from the Framingham Heart Study // Drugs. - 1988. - Vol. 56 (Suppl. 5). - P.1-5.

24.

25. Levy D., Savage D.D., Garrison R.J. et al. Echocardiographic criteria for the left ventricular hypertrophy: the Framingham Heart Study // Am. J. Cardiol. - 1987. - Vol. 59, № 9. - P. 956-960.

26.

27. Savage D.D., Garrison R.J., Kannel W.B. et al. The spectrum of left ventricular hypertrophy in a general population sample: the Framingham study // Circulation. - 1987. - Vol. 75 (Suppl. I). - P. 26-33.

28.

29. Schirmer H., Lunde P., Rasmussen K. Prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in general population. The Tromso Sudy // Eur. Heart J. - 1999. - Vol. 20, № 8. - P. 429-438.

30.

31. Safar M.E., Henry O., Meaume S. Aortic pulse wave velocity: an independent marker of cardiovascular risk // Am. J. Geriatr. Cardiol. <javascript:AL_get(this,%20'jour',%20'Am%20J%20Geriatr%20Cardiol.');> - 2002. - Vol. 11, № 5. - P. 295-298.

32.

33. Wang K.L <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Wang%20KL%22%5BAuthor%5D>., Cheng H.M <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Cheng%20HM%22%5BAuthor%5D>., Sung S.H <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Sung%20SH%22%5BAuthor%5D>. Wave reflection and arterial stiffness in the prediction of 15-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities: a community-based study // Hypertension. <javascript:AL_get(this,%20'jour',%20'Hypertension.');> - 2010. - Vol. 55. - P. 799-805.

34.

35. Blacher J <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Blacher%20J%22%5BAuthor%5D>., Safar M.E <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Safar%20ME%22%5BAuthor%5D>. Large-artery stiffness, hypertension and cardiovascular risk in older patients // Nat. Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc. Med. <javascript:AL_get(this,%20'jour',%20'Nat%20Clin%20Pract%20Cardiovasc%20Med.');> - 2005. - Vol. 2, № 9. - P. 450-455.

36.

37. Mitchell G.F., Hwang S.J., Vasan R.S. et al. Arterial stiffness and cardiovascular events: the Framingham Heart Study // Circulation. <javascript:AL_get(this,%20'jour',%20'Circulation.');> - 2010. - Vol. 121, № 4. - P. 505-511.

38.

39. Cecelja M <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Cecelja%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D>., Chowienczyk P <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Chowienczyk%20P%22%5BAuthor%5D>. Dissociation of aortic pulse wave velocity with risk factors for cardiovascular disease other than hypertension: a systematic review // Hypertension. <javascript:AL_get(this,%20'jour',%20'Hypertension.');> - 2009. - Vol. 54, № 6. - P. 1328-1336.

40.

41. Janner J.H <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Janner%20JH%22%5BAuthor%5D>., Godtfredsen N.S <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Godtfredsen%20NS%22%5BAuthor%5D>., Ladelund S <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Ladelund%20S%22%5BAuthor%5D>., Vestbo J <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Vestbo%20J%22%5BAuthor%5D>., Prescott E <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Prescott%20E%22%5BAuthor%5D>. Aortic augmentation index: reference values in a large unselected population by means of the SphygmoCor device // Am. J. Hypertens. <javascript:AL_get(this,%20'jour',%20'Am%20J%20Hypertens.');> - 2010. - Vol. 23, № 2. - P. 180-185.

42.

43. Gosse P <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Gosse%20P%22%5BAuthor%5D>., Pichot V <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Pichot%20V%22%5BAuthor%5D>., Guilhot M <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Guilhot%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D>. Relationship of cardiac involvement with arterial stiffness in a general population of 65-year-olds in the PROOF study // J. Hypertens. <javascript:AL_get(this,%20'jour',%20'J%20Hypertens.');> - 2010. - Vol. 28, № 2. - P. 389-394.

44.

45. Boonyasirinant T., Rajiah P., Setser R.M. Aortic stiffness is increased in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with myocardial fibrosis: novel insights in vascular function from magnetic resonance imaging // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. - 2009. - Vol. 54, № 3. - P. 255-262.

46.

47. Kohara K <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Kohara%20K%22%5BAuthor%5D>. Central blood pressure, arterial stiffness and the heart in hypertensive patients // Hypertens. Res. <javascript:AL_get(this,%20'jour',%20'Hypertens%20Res.');> - 2009. - Vol. 32, № 12. - P. 1056-1058.