OVERWEIGHT AS ONE OF THE RISK FACTORS FOR HYPERTENSION IN SCHOOLCHILDREN OF TYUMEN

Objective. To assess the epidemiology of overweight as the main risk factor for hypertension and its 18-year trends in Tyumen pupil population in order to develop basic preventive strategies.

Design and methods. Two single epidemiological studies were carried out in a population of pupils ofTyumen schools selected by the method of random numbers. The first study was conducted in 1986–1987 years using a standard questionnaire of World Health Organization (WHO) MONICA project. Altogether 3704 pupils aged 7–15 years (1836 boys and 1866 girls) were examined with 93 % response. The second study was carried out 18 years later (2005–2006 years) when 2640 pupils aged 7–17 years (1308 boys and 1332 girls) were examined with 87,7 % response. The following methods were used in both studies: assessment of blood pressure (BP) and Quetelet index for overweight detection (Quetelet index threshold for 7–9 years old ≥ 20,0 kg/m 2; for 10–14 years old ≥ 22,0 kg/m 2; for 15–17 years old ≥ 25,0 kg/m 2).

Results. The prevalence of overweight in the pupil population was 8,8 %: among boys — 9,2 %, among girls — 8,3 %. A tendency for increased overweight prevalence was found at second screening study as compared to the first one (9,3 vs. 8,5 %, respectively, р > 0,05). It was caused mainly by the increased overweight prevalence (9,3 vs. 7,6 % respectively, р < 0,05). The incidence of high BP in overweight pupils was significantly higher than in pupils with normal body weight (2,7-times higher in boys vs. 2,8-times higher in girls, р < 0,001). Moreover, in overweight pupils puberty progressed more rapidly. Pupils with excessive body weight complain of problems related to autonomic dysfunction 1,5–2 times more often than pupils with normal body weight.

Conclusions. Our study showed high prevalence of overweight in the population ofTyumen schoolchildren, a tendency for increasing overweight prevalence in boys nowadays, association between overweight, high BP, puberty and autonomic dysfunction.

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