Disadaptive reactions of the cardiovascular system in relation to sleep and coping behavior in students of northern medical institute

The aim of the study is to assess the relation between hemodynamic parameters and coping behavior and sleep in order to maintain health of students of the northern university. Design and methods. We examined 96 students of the northern medical university (61 females). During academic days, we performed ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure (ABPM) 24 h + 10–120 minutes. We analyzed following parameters: mezors of heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and pulse blood pressure (BP), mean BP, Kerdo autonomic index (KI), functional change index (FCI); hypertension time indices of SBP (TI SBP) and DBD (TI DBP) (%), variability of SBP (Var. SBD) and DBD (Var. DBP); night dipping of SBP and DBP (%). We assessed coping behavior. The sleep was assessed using the subjective characteristics of sleep questionnaire and the Epworth sleepiness scale. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10.0 and Excel 2013 software. Results. We found optimal/normal values of mean BP and intersexual differences among students. Female students in all periods showed higher rates of HR and sympathetic influences; males had higher SBD, higher TI SBP during day and night, higher SBP variability at night, and tended to develop isolated systolic hypertension. Parameters and dynamics of the vascular component of BP are in normal ranges. We did not find significant intersexual differences in mechanisms of the vascular regulation. Cardiovascular system regulation in males depended on the sleep and coping, and it was more autonomous from behavior in girls. Conclusions. One of the most effective and affordable ways to prevent cardiovascular diseases during the university education is the consistent training of students in adaptive behavior in a situation of psycho-emotional stress and recommendations on sleep hygiene. Greater efficiency of the learning adaptive coping behavior can be expected in males, and male gender is one of the non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular pathology.

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75. Johns M.W. Daytime sleepiness, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea. The Epworth sleepiness scale. Chest. 1993; 103(1): 30-36.  https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.103.1.30

76. Lyshova O.V., Kharina N.V. Screening study of subjective sleep characteristics, daytime sleepiness and sleep apnea syndromе in men with arterial hypertension. "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension"). 2012;18(5):459-466. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18705/1607-419X-2012-18-5-459-466

77. Byul A., Tsefel P. SPSS: the art of information processing. Analysis of statistical data and restoration of hidden patterns. SPb: DiaSoft; 2005. 608 p. (in Russ.).

78. Chazova IE, Ratova LG, Boytsov SA, Nebieridze DV. Diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension (Recommendations of the Russian Medical Society on Hypertension and the All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology). Systemic hypertension. 2010; 3: 5-26 (in Russian). http://www.gipertonik.ru/files/journals/SG3(2010).pdf

79. Rogoza A.N., Agaltsov M.V., Sergeeva M.V. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: options for medical reports and comments. Nizhny Novgorod: DECOM; 2005. 64 p (in Russian).

80. Voronin I.M., Bazhenova E.A. Blood pressure variability in normal and pathological conditions. Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Seriya: yestestvennyye i tekhnicheskiye nauki. 2007; 12 (1): 179-181. http://journals.tsutmb.ru/a8/upload/2018-12/519703648/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD,%20%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.pdf

81. Ostroumova O.D., Kochetkov A.I., Guseva T.F. Blood pressure variability in hypertension associated with coronary heart disease: prognostic value and management approaches. "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension"). 2018;24(2):246-256. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.18705/1607-419X-2018-24-2-246-25

82. Diaz K.M., Tanner R.M., Falzon L., Levitan E.B., Reynolds K., Shimbo D. et al. Visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension. 2014; 64(5): 965-982. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03903

83. Kastanayan A.A., Zheleznjak E.I., Hagush A.K., Demidova A.A., Kartashova E.A., Zhulitov A.Y. The relationship of blood pressure variability and cardiovascular remodeling in the development of hypertension in old age. "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension"). 2016;22(4):389-400. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.18705/1607-419X-2016-22-4-389-400

84. Cuspidi C., Tadic M., Grassi G. Short-term blood pressure variability in acute coronary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2017; 19(12): 1249-1251. doi: 10.1111/jch.13105.

85. Isaeva E.R. Coping behavior: analysis of age and gender differences on the example of the Russian population. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. (in Russian). https://vestnik.tspu.edu.ru/files/vestnik/PDF/articles/isaeva_e._r._144_147_11_89_2009.pdf

86. Ostanina N.V. The theoretical basis for the formation of coping behavior of students. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. 2009; 1: 109-120. (in Russian) http://www.cspu.ru/nauka/vestnik-chgpu/#archiv

87. Shevelyova A.M. On the question of the adaptation of first-year students to study at the university. Sovet rektorov. 2014; 4: 55-69. (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21956728