Management of arterial hypertension in women after delivery (a literature review)
https://doi.org/10.18705/1607-419X-2022-28-2-126-146
Abstract
We present a literature review on short-/long-term management of women with postpartum hypertension (HTN). Future health risks for women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (preeclampsia and gestational HTN) are listed. Nonpharmacological therapy and medications for cardiovascular risk management in women with adverse pregnancy outcomes are considered. Inter-pregnancy care details for women with HTN are given.Hypertension-related reasons to discontinue breastfeeding are listed. Medical, ethical and legal issues of a decision-making process in hypertension management during lactation are considered. Sources of reliable information on compatibility of medications and breastfeeding, as well as the information about the use of antihypertensive medications during lactation from LactMed database and package leaflets are given. Dyslipidaemia in women with postpartum HTN is considered and approaches to lipid-lowering medication during breastfeeding (statins, ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors) are discussed. Both known (aspirin, calcium) and investigated (metformin, statins, hydroxychloroquine) prevention modalities in preeclampsia are presented. The implementation of multidisciplinary maternal health clinics for women with a history of HTN pregnancy is reported.
About the Authors
I. R. Gaisin
Izhevsk State Medical Academy
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ilshat R. Gaisin, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of Internal Diseases with the Courses of Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics
87b Lenina street, Izhevsk, 426009
A. S. Iskhakova
Clinical Diagnostic Centre of the Udmurt Republic
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Alfiya S. Iskhakova, MD, Cardiologist, Outpatient Department of Arterial Hypertension
Izhevsk
E. S. Smirnova
Clinical Diagnostic Centre of the Udmurt Republic
Ekaterina S. Smirnova, MD, Cardiologist, Department of Women’s Cardiology
Izhevsk
References
1. Mosca L, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, Bezanson JL, Dolor RJ, Lloyd-Jones DM et al. Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women — 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123(11):1243–1262. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31820faaf8
2. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M et al., writing group members. Heart disease and stroke statistics2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;133(4):38–360. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350
3. Bots SH, Peters SAE, Woodward M. Sex differences in coronary heart disease and stroke mortality: a global assessment of the effect of ageing between 1980 and 2010. Br Med J Global Health. 2017;2(2):e000298. doi:10.1136/bmjgh2017-000298
4. Boitsov SA, Deev AD, Shalnova CA. Mortality and risk factors of noninfectious diseases development in Russia: peculiarities, dynamic, prognosis. Terapevticheskiy Arkhiv = Therapeutic Archive. 2017;89(1):5–13. In Russian.
5. Glezer MG. Gender and age characteristics of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in the Moscow region. Data of 2016. Kаrdiologiya. 2019;59(1):49–56. In Russian.
6. Stock EO, Redberg R. Cardiovascular disease in women. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2012;37(11):450–526. doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2012.07.001
7. Kouvari M, Yannakoulia M, Souliotis K, Panagiotakos DB. Challenges in sex- and gender-centered prevention and management of cardiovascular disease: implications of genetic, metabolic and environmental paths. Angiology. 2018;69(10):843–853. doi:10.1177/0003319718756732
8. Zhao M, Vaartjes I, Graham I, Grobbee D, Spiering W, Klipstein-Grobush K et al. Sex differences in risk factor management of coronary heart disease across three regions. Heart. 2017;103(20): 1587–1594. doi:10.1136/heartjnl2017-311429
9. Sciomer S, Moscucci F, Dessalvi CC, Deidda M, Mercuro G. Gender differences in cardiology: is it time for new guidelines? J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2018;19(12):685–688. doi:10.2459/JCM.0000000000000719
10. Elias-Smale SE, Günal A, Maas AHEM. Gynecardiology: distinct patterns of ischemic heart disease in middle-aged women. Maturitas. 2015;81(3):348–352. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.04.012
11. Westerman S, Wenger NK. Women and heart disease, the underrecognized burden: sex differences, biases, and unmet clinical and research challenges. Clinical Science (London). 2016;130(8):551–563. doi:10.1042/CS20150586
12. Kuehn BM. State of the heart for women. Circulation. 2019;139(8):1121–1123. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.039372
13. Ashuntantang GE, Garovic VD, Heilberg IP, Lightstone L. Kidneys and women’s health: key challenges and considerations. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018;14(3):203–210. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2017.188
14. Raman MR, Tosakulwong N, Zuk SM, Senjem ML, White WM, Fields JA et al. Influence of preeclampsia and late-life hypertension on MRI measures of cortical atrophy. J Hypertens. 2017;35(12):2479–2485. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001492
15. Gaisin IR. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) — is a novel nosological unit (a literature review). Zdorov’e, Demografiya, Ecologiya Finno-Ugorskikh Narodov = Health, Demography, Ecology of Finno-Ugric Peoples. 2021;2:35–38. In Russian.
16. Kattah AG, Garovic VD. From delivery to dialysis: does preeclampsia count? Ame J Kid Diseas. 2018;71(5):601–604. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.02.005
17. Gaisin IR, Bagautdinova ZR. Current trends in definition and treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon. Lechaschi Vrach = Physician. 2091;2:38–43. In Russian.
18. Stramba-Badiale M. Women and research on cardiovascular diseases in Europe: a report from the European Heart Health Strategy (EuroHeart) project. Eur Heart J. 2010;31:1677–1685.
19. Maas AHEM, van der Schouw YT, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Swahn E, Appelman YE, Pasterkamp G et al. Red alert for women’s heart: the urgent need for more research and knowledge on cardiovascular disease in women: proceedings of the workshop held in Brussels on gender differences in cardiovascular disease, 29 September 2010. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(11):1362–1368. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr048
20. Kouvari M, Souliotis K, Yannakoulia M, Panagiotakos DB. Cardiovascular diseases in women: policies and practices around the globe to achieve gender equity in cardiac health. Risk Management Healthcare Policy. 2020;13:2079–2094. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S264672
21. Vogel B, Acevedo M, Appelman Y, Merz CNB, Chieffo A, Figtree GA et al. The Lancet women and cardiovascular disease Commission: reducing the global burden by 2030. Lancet. 2021;397(10292):2385–2438. doi:10/1016/s0140-6736(21)00684-x
22. Roberts JM, Catov JM. Pregnancy is a screening test for later life cardiovascular disease: now what? Research recommendations. Women’s Health Issues. 2012;22(2): 123–128. doi:10.1016/j.whi.2012.01.001
23. Rich-Edwards JW, Fraser A, Lawlor DA, Catov JM. Pregnancy characteristics and women’s future cardiovascular health: an underused opportunity to improve women’s health? Epidemiol Rev. 2014;36(1):57–70. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxt006
24. Mehta PK, Minissian M, Merz CNB. Adverse pregnancy outcomes and cardiovascular risk factor management. Seminars in Perinatology. 2015;39(4):268–275. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2015.05.005
25. Zoet GA, Koster MP, Velthuis BK, de Groot CJ, Maas AH, Fauser BC et al. Determinants of future cardiovascular health in women with a history of preeclampsia. Maturitas. 2015;82(2):153– 161. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.07.004
26. Skurnik G, Roche AT, Stuart JJ, Rich-Edwards J, Tsigas E, Levkoff SE et al. Improving the postpartum care of women with a recent history of preeclampsia: a focus group study. Hypertens Pregnanc. 2016;35(3):371–381. doi:10.3109/10641955.2016.1154967
27. Williams D. Pregnancy: a stress test for life. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2003;15(6):465–471. doi:10.1097/00001703-200312000-00002
28. Louis J, Saade G. Pregnancy as a window to future health. Introduction. Sem Perinatol. 2015;39(4):253. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2015.05.001
29. Jim B, Karumanchi SA. Preeclampsia: pathogenesis, prevention, and long-term complications. Sem Nephrol. 2017;37(4):386–397. doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2017.05.011
30. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Rosei EA, Azizi M, Burnier M et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):3021–3104. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339
31. Paradisi G, Biaggi A, Savone R, Ianniello F, Tomei C, Caforio L et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women with previous gestational hypertension. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2006;91(4):1233–1238. doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1337
32. Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R, Germano G et al. 2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2007;28(12):1462–1536. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm236
33. James PR, Nelson-Piercy C. Management of hypertension before, during and after pregnancy. Heart. 2004;90:1499–1504. doi:10.1136/hrt.2004.035444
34. Lykke JA, Langhoff-Roos J, Sibai BM, Funai EF, Triche EW, Paidas MJ. Hypertensive pregnancy disorders and subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the mother. Hypertension. 2009;53(6):944–951. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.130765
35. Ayansina D, Black C, Hall SJ, Marks A, Millar C, Prescott GJ et al. Long term effects of gestational hypertension and pre– eclampsia on kidney function: Record linkage study. Pregnanc Hypertens. 2016;6(4):344–349. doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2016.08.231
36. Wilson BJ, Watson MS, Prescott GJ, Sunderland S, Campbell DM, Hannaford P et al. Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and risk of hypertension and stroke in later life: results from cohort study. British Medical Journal. 2003;326(7394):845– 851. doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7394.845
37. Wikström AK, Haglund B, Olovsson M, Lindeberg SN. The risk of maternal ischaemic heart disease after gestational hypertensive disease. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;112(11):1486– 1491. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00733.x
38. Arnadottir GA, Geirsson RT, Arngrimsson R, Jonsdottir LS, Olafsson O. Cardiovascular death in women who had hypertension in pregnancy: a case–control study. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;112(3): 286–292. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00396.x
39. Steegers EAP, von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, Pijnenborg R. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet. 2010;376(9741):631–644. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60279-6
40. Phipps E, Prasanna D, Brima W, Jim B. Preeclampsia: updates in pathogenesis, definitions, and guidelines. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;11(6):1102–1113. doi:10.2215/cjn.12081115
41. Regitz-Zagrosek V, Blomstrom Lundqvist C, Borghi C, Cifkova R, Ferreira R, Foidart J–M et al. ESC Guidelines on the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy: the Task Force on the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases during Pregnancy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2011;32(24):3147–3197. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr218
42. Gaisin IR. Arterial hypertension in pregnancy is a new cardiorenal continuum. Terapevticheskiy Arkhiv = Therapeutic Archive. 2012;84(1):48–53. In Russian.
43. Milic NM, Milin-Lazovic J, Weissgerber TL, Trajkovic G, White WM, Garovic VD. Preclinical atherosclerosis at the time of pre-eclamptic pregnancy and up to 10 years postpartum: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017;49(1):110–115. doi:10.1002/uog.17367
44. Garovic VD, August P. Preeclampsia and the future risk of hypertension: the pregnant evidence. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2013;15(2):114–121. doi:10.1007/s11906-013-0329-4
45. Garovic VD, Milic NM, Weissgerber TL, Mielke MM, Bailey KR, Lahr B et al. Carotid artery intima–media thickness and subclinical atherosclerosis in women with remote histories of preeclampsia: results from a rochester epidemiology project-based study and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92(9):1328–1340. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.05.030
46. Christensen M, Kronborg CS, Eldrup N, Rossen NB, Knudsen UB. Preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease risk assessment — do arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis uncover increased risk ten years after delivery? 2016;6(2):110–114. doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2016.04.001
47. Bushnell C, McCullough LD, Awad IA, Chireau MV, Fedder WN, Furie KL et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in women: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke J Cereb Circulat. 2014;45(5):1545–1588. doi:10.1161/01.str.0000442009.06663.48
48. Gunderson EP, Murtaugh MA, Lewis CE, Quesenberry CP, West DS, Sidney S. Excess gains in weight and waist circumference associated with childbearing: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (CARDIA). Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord: J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2004;28(4):525–535. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802551
49. Rodie VA, Freeman DJ, Sattar N, Greer IA. Preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease: metabolic syndrome of pregnancy? Atherosclerosis. 2004;175(2):189–202. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.01.038
50. Al-Nasiry S, Ghossein-Doha C, Polman SEJ, Lemmens S, Scholten RR, Heidema WM et al. Metabolic syndrome after pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia or small-for-gestationalage: a retrospective cohort. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;122(13):1818– 1823. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.13117
51. Wu P, Kwok CS, Haththotuwa R, Kotronias RA, Babu A, Fryer AA et al. Pre–eclampsia is associated with a twofold increase in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol. 2016;59(12):2518–2526. doi:10.1007/s00125-016-4098-x
52. Mielke MM, Milic NM, Weissgerber TL, White WM, Kantarci K, Mosley TH et al. Impaired cognition and brain atrophy decades after hypertensive pregnancy disorders. Circ: Cardiovasc Qualit Outcom. 2016;9(2 Suppl 1):70–76. doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.115.002461
53. Scantlebury DC, Kattah AG, Weissgerber TL, Agarwal S, Mielke MM, Weaver AL et al. Impact of a history of hypertension in pregnancy on later diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. J Am Heart Associat. 2018;7(10): e007584. doi:10.1161/JAHA.117.007584
54. Smith GC, Pell JP, Walsh D. Pregnancy complications and maternal risk of ischaemic heart disease: a retrospective cohort study of 129,290 births. Lancet. 2001;357(9273):2002–2006. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)
55. Gaisin IR, Valeeva RM, Maksimov NI. Cardiorenal continuum of pregnant women with arterial hypertension. Arterial’naya Gipertenziya = Arterial Hypertension. 2009;15(5):590–597. In Russian.
56. Brown MC, Best KE, Pearce MS, Waugh J, Robson SC, Bell R. Cardiovascular disease risk in women with pre– eclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28(1):1–19. doi:10.1007/s10654-013-9762-6
57. Charlton F, Tooher J, Rye KA, Hennessy A. Cardiovascular risk, lipids and pregnancy: preeclampsia and the risk of later life cardiovascular disease. Heart, Lung Circulat. 2014;23(3):203–212. doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2013.10.087
58. Mongraw-Chaffin ML, Cirillo PM, Cohn BA. Preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease death: prospective evidence from the child health and development studies cohort. Hypertension. 2010;56(1):166–171. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.15007
59. Kessous R, Shoham-Vardi I, Pariente G, Sergienko R, Sheiner E. Long-term maternal atherosclerotic morbidity in women with pre-eclampsia. Heart. 2015;101(6):442–446. doi:10.1136/heartjnl2014-306571
60. Bellamy L, Casas J-P, Hingorani AD, Williams DJ. Pre-eclampsia and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br Med J. 2007;335(7627):974. doi:10.1136/bmj.39335.385301.BE
61. Craici IM, Wagner SJ, Hayman SR, Garovic VD. Pre– eclamptic pregnancies: an opportunity to identify women at risk for future cardiovascular disease. Women’s Health (London). 2008;4(2):133–135. doi:10.2217/17455057.4.2.133
62. Portelinha A, Cerdeira AS, Belo L, Braga J, Tejera E, Pinto A et al. Haemostatic factors in women with history of preeclampsia. Thromb Res. 2009;124(1):52–56. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2008.10.005
63. McDonald SD, Malinowski A, Zhou Q, Yusuf S, Devereaux PJ. Cardiovascular sequelae of preeclampsia/eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Am Heart J. 2008;156(5): 918–930. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2008.06.042
64. Wu P, Haththotuwa R, Kwok CS, Babu A, Kotronias RA, Rushton C et al. Preeclampsia and future cardiovascular health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulat Cardiovasc Quality Outcom. 2017;10(2): e003497. doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003497
65. Paauw ND, Luijken K, Franx A, Verhaar MC, Lely TA. Long-term renal and cardiovascular risk after preeclampsia: towards screening and prevention. Clin Cci (Lond). 2016;130(4):239–246. doi:10.1042/CS20150567
66. Magnussen EB, Vatten LJ, Smith GD, Romundstad PR. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and subsequently measured cardiovascular risk factors. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114(5):961–970. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b031e3181bb0dfc
67. Lin YS, Tang CH, Yang CYC, Wu LS, Hung ST, Hwa HL et al. Effect of pre-eclampsia—eclampsia on major cardiovascular events among peripartum women in Taiwan. American Journal of Cardiology. 2011;107(2):325–330. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.08.073
68. Lisonkova S, Sabr Y, Mayer C, Young C, Skoll A, Joseph KS. Maternal morbidity associated with early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;124(4):771–781. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000000472
69. Veerbeek JH, Hermes W, Breimer AY, van Rijn BB, Koenen SV, Mol BW et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factors after early-onset preeclampsia, late-onset preeclampsia, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Hypertension. 2015;65(3):600–606. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04850
70. Bokslag A, Teunissen PW, Franssen C, van Kesteren F, Kamp O, Ganzevoort W et al. Effect of early-onset preeclampsia on cardiovascular risk in the fifth decade of life. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(5):523.e1-523.e7. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.02.015
71. Breetveld NM, Ghossein–Doha C, van Kuijk S, van Dijk AP, van der Vlugt MJ, Heidema WM et al. Cardiovascular disease risk is only elevated in hypertensive, formerly preeclamptic women. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;122(8):1092–1100. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.13057
72. Benschop L, Duvekot JJ, Versmissen J, van Broekhoven V, Steegers EAP, Roeters van Lennep JE. Blood pressure profile 1 year after severe preeclampsia. Hypertension. 2018;71(3):491– 498. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10338
73. Smith GN, Pudwell J, Saade GR. Impact of the new American hypertension guidelines on the prevalence of postpartum hypertension. Am J Perinat. 2019;36(4):440–442. doi:10.1055/s0038-1669441
74. Hauspurg A, Countouris ME, Jeyabalan A, Hubel CA, Roberts JM, Schwarz EB et al. Risk of hypertension and abnormal biomarkers in the first year postpartum associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among overweight and obese women. Pregn Hypertens. 2019;15:1–6. doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2018.10.009
75. Levine LD, Nkonde-Price C, Limaye M, Srinivas SK. Factors associated with postpartum follow-up and persistent hypertension among women with severe preeclampsia. J Perinatol. 2016;36(12):1079–1082. doi:10.1038/jp.2016.137
76. Regitz-Zagrosek V, Roos-Hesselink JW, Bauersachs J, Blomström-Lundqvist C, Cífková R, De Bonis M et al. 2018 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy: the task force for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(34):3165–3241. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy340
77. Seely EW, Rich-Edwards J, Lui J, Nicklas JM, Saxena A, Tsigas E et al. Risk of future cardiovascular disease in women with prior preeclampsia: a focus group study. BioMed Central Pregn Childbirth. 2013;13:240. doi:10.1186/1471-2393-13-240
78. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(5):1122–1131. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000437382.03963.88
79. Lenfant C, Chobanian AV, Jones DW, Roccella EJ, Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7): resetting the hypertension sails. Hypertension. 2003;41(6):1178–1179. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000075790.33892.AE
80. Siu AL, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for high blood pressure in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2015;163(10):778–786. doi:10.7326/M15-2223
81. Goff DC, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G, Coady S, D’Agostino RB, Gibbons R et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2): S49–S73. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98
82. Expert Committee on the Diagnosis, Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(Suppl 1): S5–20. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.2007.s5
83. Committee on Practice Bulletins–Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletins No. 190: Gestational diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;131(2):406–408. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000433006.02498
84. American Diabetes Association. Executive summary: standards of medical care in diabetes2014. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(Suppl 1): S5–S13. doi:10.2337/dc14-S005
85. Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, Ard JD, Comuzzie AG, Donato KA et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2): S102–S138. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee
86. Committee opinion no. 471: Smoking cessation during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116(5):1241–1244. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182004fcd
87. U. S. Preventive Services Task Force. Counseling and interventions to prevent tobacco use and tobacco-caused disease in adults and pregnant women: U. S. Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(8):551–555. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-8-200904210-00009
88. Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD, de Jesus JM, Miller NH, Hubbard VS et al. 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2): S76–S99. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437740.48606.d1
89. Artal R, O’Toole M, White S. Guidelines of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37(1):6–12. doi:10.1136/bjsm.37.1.6
90. Berks D, Hoedjes M, Raat H, Franx A, Looman CWN, Van Oostwaard MF et al. Feasibility and effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention after complicated pregnancies to improve risk factors for future cardiometabolic disease. Pregn Hypertens. 2019;15:98– 107. doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2018.12.004
91. Cairns AE, Tucker KL, Leeson P, Mackillop LH, Santos M, Velardo C et al. Self-management of postnatal hypertension: the SNAP-HT trial. Hypertension. 2018;72(2):425–432. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.10911
92. Gaisin IR, Iskhakova AS, Samartceva ES, Shamchuk OP. Management of women with postpartum arterial hypertension. Zdorov’e, Demografiya, Ecologiya Finno-Ugorskikh Narodov = Health, Demography, Ecology of Finno-Ugric Peoples. 2021;1:35–45. In Russian.
93. Hauspurg A, Countouris ME, Catov JM. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and future maternal health: how can the evidence guide postpartum management? Curr Hypertens Rep. 2019;21(12):96. doi:10.1007/s11906-019-0999-7
94. American College of Nurse–Midwives and the National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women’s Health; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Louis JM, Bryant A, Ramos D, StuebeA, Blackwell SC. Interpregnancy care. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220(1): B2–B18. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2018.11.1098
95. Gaisin IR, Iskhakova AS. Diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (literature review). Arterial’naya Gipertenziya = Arterial Hypertension. 2021;27(2):146–169. doi:10.18705/1607-419X2021-27-2-146-169. In Russian.
96. Cifkova R, Johnson MR, Kahan T, Brguljan J, Williams B, Coca A et al. Peripartum management of hypertension: a position paper of the ESC Council on Hypertension and the European Society of Hypertension. Eur Heart J—Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2020;6(6):384–393. doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvz082
97. Stryuk RI, Bunin YA, Guryeva VM, Irtyuga OB, Kokov LS, Kolomackaya OE et al. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy 2018. National guidelines. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018;23(7):156–200. In Russian.
98. Kobalava ZhD, Konradi AO, Nedogoda SV, Shlyakhto EV, Arutyunov GP, Baranova EI et al. Clinical guidelines. Arterial hypertension in adults. 2020. 162 p. In Russian.
99. Tkacheva ON, Shifman EM, Lyashko ES, Makarov OV, Mishina IE, Barabashkina AV et al. Clinical guidelines. Diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension in pregnant women. 2010. 84 p. In Russian.
100. Adamyan LV, Artymuk NV, Bashmakova NV, Belokrinnickaya TE, BelomestnovCR, Bratischev IV et al. Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, in labor and post-partum. Pre-eclampsia. Eclampsia. Clinical guidelines (Treatment protocol). 2016. 72 p. In Russian.
101. Chulkov VS, Martynov AI, Kokorin VA. Hypertension in pregnancy: controversial issues of national and international guidelines. Rossiyskiy Kardiologicheskiy Zhurnal = Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(S 4):4181. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4181. In Russian.
102. Sachs HC; American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Drugs. The transfer of drugs and therapeutics into human breast milk: an update on selected topics. Pediatrics. 2013;132(3):e796– e809. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-1985
103. Colaceci S, Giusti A, Chapin EM, Notarangelo M, De Angelis A, Vellone E et al. The difficulties in antihypertensive drug prescription during lactation: is the information consistent? Breastfeed Med. 2015;10(10):468–473. doi:10.1089/bfm.2015.0086
104. Countouris ME, Schwarz EB, Rossiter BC, Althouse AD, Berlacher KL, Jeyabalan A et al. Effects of lactation on postpartum blood pressure among women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(2):241.e1-8. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2016.02.046
105. Bjerrum L, Foged A. Patient information leaflets — helpful guidance or a source of confusion? Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safety. 2003;12(1):55–59. doi:10.1002/pds.795
106. Hale TW, Rowe HE. Medications and Mothers’ Milk, 16th ed. Hale Publishing LP, Amarillo, TX, 2014.
107. Breitzka RL, Sandritter TL, Hatzopoulos FK. Principles of drug transfer into breast milk and drug disposition in the nursing infant. J Hum Lact. 1997;13(2):155–158. doi:10.1177/089033449701300219
108. Gaisin IR, Iskhakova AS. Management of circulatory system diseases during pregnancy and post-partum period. Zdorov’e, Demografiya, Ecologiya Finno-Ugorskikh Narodov = Health, Demography, Ecology of Finno-Ugric Peoples. 2019;3:39–43. In Russian.
109. National Library of Medicine. Drugs and Lactation Database LactMed. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501922/#IX-P (accessed January 14, 2021).
110. Beardmore KS, Morris JM, Gallery ED. Excretion of antihypertensive medication into human breast milk: a systematic review. Hypertens Pregn. 2002;21(1):85–95. doi:10.1081/PRG120002912
111. Newton ER, Hale TW. Drugs in breast milk. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2015;58(4):868–884. doi:10.1097/GFR.0000000000000142
112. Hotham N, Hotham E. Drugs in breastfeeding. Australian Prescriber. 2015;38(5):156–159. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2015.056. Erratum in: Australian Prescriber. 2016;39(1):27. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2016.018
113. Datta P, Baker T, Hale TW. Balancing the use of medications while maintaining breastfeeding. Clin Perinatol. 2019;46(2):367–382. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2019.02.007
114. Iskhakova AS, Gaisin IR. The peculiarities of treating hypertension in women with kidney disorders after pre-eclampsia. Zdorov’e, Demografiya, Ecologiya Finno-Ugorskikh Narodov = Health, Demography, Ecology of Finno-Ugric Peoples. 2018;2:49–51. In Russian.
115. Godfrey LM, Erramouspe J, Cleveland KW. Teratogenic risk of statins in pregnancy. Ann Pharmacother. 2012;46(10):1419– 1424. doi:10.1345/aph.1R202
116. Pieper PG. Use of medication for cardiovascular disease during pregnancy. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2015;12(12):718–729. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2015.172
117. Winterfeld U, Allignol A, Panchaud A, Rothuizen LE, Merlob P, Cuppers-Maarschalkerweerd B et al. Pregnancy outcome following maternal exposure to statins: а multicentre prospective study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2013;120(4):463–471. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12066
118. Holmsen ST, Bakkebø T, Seferowicz M, Retterstøl K. Statins and breastfeeding in familial hypercholesterolaemia. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen. 2017;137(10):686–687. doi:10.4045/tidsskr.16.0838
119. Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, Koskinas KC, Casula M, Badimon L et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk: the Task Force for the Management of Dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J. 2020;41(1):111–188. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455
120. Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, Beam C, Birtcher KK, Blumenthal RS et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019;139(25):e1082–e1143. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000625
121. Groenhof TKJ, Zoet GA, Franx A, Gansevoort RT, Bots ML, Groen H et al. Trajectory of cardiovascular risk factors after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Hypertension. 2019;73(1):171– 178. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11726
122. Miller EC, Boehme AK, Chung NT, Wang SS, Lacey JV, Lakshminarayan K et al. Aspirin reduces long-term stroke risk in women with prior hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Neurology. 2019;92(4):e305–e316. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000006815
123. Gaisin IR, Iskhakova AS, Shamchuk OP, Samartceva ES. New approaches to classification, diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Zdorov’e, Demografiya, Ecologiya FinnoUgorskikh Narodov = Health, Demography, Ecology of Finno-Ugric Peoples. 2020;4:27–35. In Russian.
124. Smith DD, Costantine MM. The role of statins in the prevention of preeclampsia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020 Aug 17:S0002–9378(20)30868-1. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.040
125. Brownfoot FC, Hastie R, Hannan NJ, Cannon P, Tuohey L, Parry LJ et al. Metformin as a prevention and treatment for preeclampsia: effects on soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and soluble endoglin secretion and endothelial dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214(3):356.e1–356.e15. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.12.019
126. Deharde D, Klockenbusch W, Schmitz R, Brand M, Köster HA, Oelmeier de Murcia K. Hydroxychloroquine as a preventive and therapeutic option in preeclampsia — a literature review. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkunde. 2020;80(7):679–685. doi:10.1055/a1170-5145
127. Costantine MM, West H, Wisner KL, Caritis S, Clark S, Venkataramanan R et al. A randomized pilot clinical trial of pravastatin versus placebo in pregnant patients at high risk of preeclampsia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2021 May 24;S0002-9378(21)00584–6. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2021.05.018
128. Smith GN. The Maternal Health Clinic: improving women’s cardiovascular health. Sem Perinatol. 2015;39(4):316– 319. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2015.05.012
129. Celi AC, Seely EW, Wang P, Thomas AM, WilkinsHaug LE. Caring for women after hypertensive pregnancies and beyond: implementation and integration of a postpartum transition clinic. Mat Child Health J. 2019;23(11):1459–1466. doi:10.1007/s10995-019-02768-7
130. Spaan J, Peeters L, Spaanderman M, Brown M. Cardiovascular risk management after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Hypertension. 2012;60(6):1368–1373. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.198812
131. Cusimano MC, Pudwell J, Roddy M, Cho CKJ, Smith GN. The maternal health clinic: an initiative for cardiovascular risk identification in women with pregnancy–related complications. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;210(5):438.e1–9. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2013.12.001
132. Al-Nashi M, Eriksson MJ, Östlund E, Bremme K, Kahan T. Cardiac structure and function, and ventricular-arterial interaction 11 years following a pregnancy with preeclampsia. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2016;10(4):297–306. doi:10.1016/j.jash.2016.01.012
133. Mavrogeni S, Katsi V, Vartela V, Noutsias M, MarkousisMavrogenis G, Kolovou G et al. The emerging role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the evaluation of hypertensive heart disease. BioMed Central Cardiovasc Disord. 2017;17(1):132. doi:10.1186/s12872-017-0556-8
134. Gaisin IR, Valeeva RM, Shilina LV, Chernisheva NYu, Maksimov NI. Cardiological management of pregnant women in the Udmurt Republic. Racional’naya Farmakoterapiya v Kardiologii = Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2009;5(1):6–11. doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2009-5-1-6-11. In Russian.
135. Gaisin IR, Valeeva RM, Shilina LV, Chernykh YV, Vavilkina ZV, Iskhakova AS. Effectiveness of specialized management for pregnant women with cardiovascular pathology in the Udmurt Republic. Prakticheskaya Medicina = Practical Medicine. 2015;2(3):67–73. In Russian.
Supplementary files
Review
For citations:
Gaisin I.R., Iskhakova A.S., Smirnova E.S. Management of arterial hypertension in women after delivery (a literature review). "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension"). 2022;28(2):126-146. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18705/1607-419X-2022-28-2-126-146
Views:
4697
Email this article 