Нейрофизиологическое обоснование гипотезы Г. Ф. Ланга о возникновении гипертонической болезни

Настоящая статья представляет собой анализ современных данных о морфологической, функциональной и нейрохимической организации центральных механизмов регуляции кровообращения, нарушение которых может являться причиной развития гипертонической болезни. Приводятся сведения, указывающие на справедливость гипотезы Г.Ф. Ланга о том, что длительный эмоциональный стресс приводит к нарушению нейрональной активности структур гипоталамуса. В статье описаны морфологические связи гипоталамуса с нейронами вентролатеральной области продолговатого мозга и структурами спинного мозга, обеспечивающие нейрогенный тонус сосудов. Представлены доказательства конвергенции аксонов нейронов паравентрикулярного ядра гипоталамуса на преганглионарные нейроны спинного мозга. Рассматриваются нейрохимические процессы в вазомоторном центре продолговатого мозга, указаны морфологические изменения преганглионарных симпатических нейронов при экспериментальной артериальной гипертензии.

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