Metabolic changes in hypertensive patients treated by low-intensity microwave therapy

Background. Hypertension (HTN) associated with metabolic syndrome is an important issue of preventive medicine. The modulation of biochemical activity of immune cells might be a solution, as immune cells play crucial role in atherosclerosis progression and vascular inflammation. Among factors regulating molecular processes, e. g. activity of signaling pathways and cell proinflammatory sensitivity, low-intensity microwave (1GHz) therapy attracts attention. The purpose of this study was the assessment of the low-intensity microwave therapy in the management of hypertensive patientsin order to influence the biochemical components of metabolic syndrome. Design and methods. In a randomized double-blinded controlled study, we included 60 patients with hypertension (HTN) aged 45–55 years old. The patients of the comparison group (n = 30) received medication therapy according to the current guidelines, while patients from the study group (n = 30) additionally underwent physiotherapy with the use of microwave therapy (frequency 1 GHz, device “Aquaton”). Control group included 15 otherwise healthy subjects. Serum insulin, glucagon, apoA1 and apoB100 were measured by immuneenzyme assay. Hugh-sensitive C‑reactive potein (hsCRP) was assessed to evaluate the inflammatory response. Results. HTN patients compared to the healthy group demonstrated higher levels of insulin by 23,0% (p = 0,051), apoВ100 by 35,1% (p = 0,001), hsCRP by 43,4% (p = 0,05), and lower levels of glucagon by 5,0% (p = 0,8) and apoА1 by 32,8% (p = 0,000002). Patients of the comparison group who received only medication therapy showed an increase in glucagon level by 2,2% (p = 0,018), apoА1 by 0,96% (p = 0,063), insulin by 3,5% (p = 0,11) with the decrease in apoВ100 by 2,7% (p = 0,083) and hCRP by 2,4% (p = 0,18). Those who additionally underwent the low-intensity microwave therapy showed an increase in glucagon by 1,3% (p = 0,028), apoА1 by 11,1% (p = 0,028), while insulin level decreased by 5,1% (p = 0,06), apoВ100 by 5,4% (p = 0,015) and hsCRP by 5,3% (p = 0,05). There was no significant impact of microwave therapy on the central hemodynamics. Conclusions. The patients who received low-intensity microwave therapy demonstrate higher apoА1 level and lower levels of insulin, apoВ100 and hsCRP. The number of patients to be treated for the planned effect achievement was the following: for the change in the levels of apoА1 — 2,0 patients, change in insulin level — 3,7, change in апоВ100 level — 5,5, change in hsCRP — 5,8. Therefore, low-intensity microwave therapy positively affects metabolism in HTN patients without significant impact in central hemodynamics.

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