Ренальная дисфункция как осложнение острого повреждения головного мозга

Возможность развития заболеваний внутренних органов в результате повреждения головного мозга впервые описана более ста лет назад, однако роль острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения и черепно-мозговой травмы (ЧМТ) в развитии ренальной дисфункции изучена недостаточно. До 25 % больных с субарахноидальным кровоизлиянием и ЧМТ в течение первых 7 дней от начала заболевания страдают от развития острого повреждения почек (ОПП). К другим важным проявлениям цереброренальных нарушений можно отнести формирование центрального сольтеряющего синдрома и синдрома неадекватной секреции вазопрессина, проявляющихся гипонатриемией, но различными в патогенетических аспектах и клинической тактике. Помимо этого, пациенты с обширными поражениями головного мозга характеризуются гиперсимпатикотонией с высвобождением провоспалительных цитокинов, таких как фактор некроза опухоли α (ФНОα), интерлейкин-6 (ИЛ-6) и интерферон γ (ИФНγ), что также вносит свой вклад в развитие ОПП. Изучение особенностей проявления церебро-ренального синдрома на фоне остро развившейся церебральной патологии способствует своевременной диагностике данного осложнения, определению лечебно-диагностической тактики (осторожное и ограниченное использование нефротоксических антимикробных препаратов, осмотических диуретиков и внутривенного контрастирования при нейровизуализации) и прогноза заболевания.

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