Arterial hypertension and antihypertensive treatment in the unorganized Moscow population

Background. The epidemiology of hypertension (HTN) and antihypertensive treatment (AHT) in the Russian Federation was repeatedly estimated in epidemiology trials with various methodology, but situation in Moscow region has not been fully explored.

Objective. To examine the rate, age and gender features of HTN and AHT in unorganized Moscow cohort.

Design and methods. 532 participants older than 16 years old were interviewed in Moscow park after signing informed consent. Information about sex, age, rate of diagnosed HTN, AHT and its effectiveness was collected based on a questionnaire. Arterial blood pressure (BP) was measured consequently three times.

Results. Median and interquartile range of participants age was 57 (38–66) years, 71,1 % were women. Women were significantly older than men (59 (46–67) and 48 (31–61) years respectively, p = 0,0001). 42,7 % reported previously diagnosed HTN, 62,5 % received AHT. 79,7 % participants receiving AHT (49,8 % HTN patients) considered it effective. Home BP self-monitoring was performed by 43,7 % respondents (sex- and age-adjusted rates). While measured, 29,7 % participants had optimal BP level, 22,6 % — normal and 15,2 % — high normal. BP > 140 and/or 90 mm Hg was measured in 32,6 % of participants (rates are sex and age adjusted). BP > 140 / 90 mm Hg at assessment was found in 48,8 % HTN patients and 16,4 % participants without previously diagnosed HTN (8,7 % in entire studied cohort). There were no significant differences in the rate increased BP level at assessment and in HTN patients who received AHT or not (49,5 and 46,9 %). HTN rate was 39,6 % in participants who considered their AHT effective, and 75,5 % — ineffective, p < 0,0001. 63,4 % participants taking AHT could specify the drugs (65,3 % received monotherapy, 27,1 % — 2 drugs and 7,6 % — 3 drugs; fixed combinations received 17 %). BP levels and HTN did not differ in HTN patients who received one or more drugs.

Conclusions. In unorganized Moscow cohort age and gender adjusted rate of HTN at BP measurement was 32,6 %. In 8,7 % participants high BP was detected at first time. Only 62,5 % patients with previously diagnosed HTN received AHT. 39,6 % participants who considered AHT effective demonstrate high BP at assessment. AHT was not associated with the lower HTN rate or BP level, which may be attributed to excessive use of monotherapy and insufficient application of fixed combinations.

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