Роль кишечной микробиоты в развитии сердечно-сосудистой патологии: фокус на метаболиты и маркеры повышенной кишечной проницаемости и воспаления кишечной стенки

В последние годы все больше исследований свидетельствуют о тесной взаимосвязи между составом и функцией микробиоты и здоровьем человека, в том числе с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (ССЗ). Повышенная проницаемость кишечника является одним из факторов, который может влиять на состояние микробиоты, а также привести к проникновению бактерий и их токсинов в кровоток, вызывая системное воспаление. Хроническое воспаление, в свою очередь, сопровождается повышенным уровнем цитокинов, которые могут вызвать повреждение эндотелия и привести к эндотелиальной дисфункции. Метаболиты некоторых бактерий могут снижать выработку молекул, регулирующих сосудистый тонус, таких как оксид азота, что может привести к вазоконстрикции и артериальной гипертензии. В обзоре уделяется внимание связи кальпротектина, зонулина, триметиламиноксида с риском возникновения ССЗ, а также освещаются возможные методы коррекции состава и функции микробиоты для профилактики ССЗ.

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