Microbiome and atherosclerosis: state of the problem
E. V. Verkhovskaya,
E. P. Kolesova,
A. G. Vanyurkin,
E. K. Zaikova,
O. V. Kalinina,
M. A. Chernyavsky,
A. L. Maslyanskiy,
A. N. Yakovlev,
A. Yu. Babenko,
A. O. Konradi,
E. V. Shlyakhto https://doi.org/10.18705/1607-419X-2024-2443
EDN: UIUCDO
Abstract
Objective. To study modern ideas about the influence of the intestinal microbiome, oral cavity and atherosclerotic plaque on the development and progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Design and methods. The literature review was carried out by analyzing scientific publications in PubMed, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, as well as guidelines and review articles within the period from 1997 to 2024. This review examines modern ideas about the above-mentioned non-traditional risk factors (RF) for AS. Conclusions. AS is a disease with a multifactorial pathogenesis. Understanding the role of both classical and non-classical RF in the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease is important for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic measures. Among the non-classical RF for AS is the role of the intestinal and oral microbiome. The fundamental mechanisms of the influence of the microbiota of the oral cavity and intestines on the development of AS include the following: the direct damaging effect of lipopolysaccharides and bacterial toxins on the vascular wall, the influence of microbial metabolites and increased permeability of the intestinal wall on the translocation of bacterial toxins into the systemic bloodstream, as well as the development of chronic lowlevel systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. This review examines modern ideas about the abovedescribed non-traditional RF for AS.
Keywords
atherosclerosis,
intestinal microbiota,
trimethylamine-N-oxide,
short-chain fatty acids,
calprotectin,
zonulin,
periodontitis
Supporting agencies: The study was carried out with the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 075-15-2022-301)
About the Authors
E. V. Verkhovskaya
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ekaterina V. Verkhovskaya, Student, Institute of Medical Education
2 Akkuratov str., St Petersburg, 197341
Phone: 8 (812) 702–37–56
E. P. Kolesova
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ekaterina P. Kolesova, MD, PhD, Leading Researcher, Research Institute of Population Genetics of World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Researcher, Institute of Epidemiology of Noncommunicable Disease
2 Akkuratov str., St Petersburg, 197341
Phone: 8 (812) 702–37–56
A. G. Vanyurkin
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Almaz G. Vanyurkin, MD, Junior Researcher, Research Institute of Vascular and Interventional Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgeon
2 Akkuratov str., St Petersburg, 197341
Phone: 8 (812) 702–37–56
E. K. Zaikova
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ekaterina K. Zaikova, MD, Junior Researcher, Research Institute of Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases of World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine “Center for Personalized Medicine”
2 Akkuratov str., St Petersburg, 197341
Phone: 8 (812) 702–37–56
O. V. Kalinina
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Olga V. Kalinina, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Leading Researcher, Research Institute of Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases of World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine “Center for Personalized Medicine”
2 Akkuratov str., St Petersburg, 197341
Phone: 8 (812) 702–37–56
M. A. Chernyavsky
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Mikhail A. Chernyavsky, MD, PhD, DSc, Head, Research Institute of Vascular and Interventional Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgeon, Associate Professor, Department of Specialized Surgery with the Clinic
2 Akkuratov str., St Petersburg, 197341
Phone: 8 (812) 702–37–56
A. L. Maslyanskiy
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Alexey L. Maslyanskiy, MD, PhD, DSc, Head, Scientific Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunopathology
2 Akkuratov str., St Petersburg, 197341
Phone: 8 (812) 702–37–56
A. N. Yakovlev
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Alexei N. Yakovlev, MD, PhD, Head, Research Laboratory of Technologies for Predicting the Risk of Cardiovascular Complications of World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Head, Acute Coronary Syndrome Research Laboratory, Associate Professor, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Chair
2 Akkuratov str., St Petersburg, 197341
Phone: 8 (812) 702–37–56
A. Yu. Babenko
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Alina Yu. Babenko, MD, PhD, DSc, Head, Research Department of Genetic Risks and Personalized Prevention, Head, Research Laboratory of Prediabetes and Metabolic Disorders of World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Head, Research Laboratory of Diabetology, Professor, Department of Internal Diseases
2 Akkuratov str., St Petersburg, 197341
Phone: 8 (812) 702–37–56
A. O. Konradi
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Aleksandra O. Konradi, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director General for Scientific Work, Head, Department of Organization, Management and Economics of Healthcare, Faculty of Postgraduate and Additional Education, Institute of Medical Education
2 Akkuratov str., St Petersburg, 197341
Phone: 8 (812) 702–37–56
E. V. Shlyakhto
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Evgeny V. Shlyakhto, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Academician RAS, Director General
2 Akkuratov str., St Petersburg, 197341
Phone: 8 (812) 702–37–56
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Verkhovskaya E.V., Kolesova E.P., Vanyurkin A.G., Zaikova E.K., Kalinina O.V., Chernyavsky M.A., Maslyanskiy A.L., Yakovlev A.N., Babenko A.Yu., Konradi A.O., Shlyakhto E.V. Microbiome and atherosclerosis: state of the problem. "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension"). 2024;30(5):451-466. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18705/1607-419X-2024-2443. EDN: UIUCDO
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