Associations between physical activity, infrastructure parameters of the area of residence, and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors

The purpose of the research is to study the relationship among physical activity, infrastructure parameters of the area of residence, and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in the population of the Kemerovo Region. Design and methods. The study started at the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases (Kemerovo) in 2015 and continues to this day. It includes 1,598 residents aged 35–70 as part of the epidemiological work “Study of the influence of social factors on chronic non-communicable diseases.” The researchers measure the participants’ physical activity using the Russian-language version of the international IPAQ questionnaire and assess the subjective attitude of citizens to the infrastructure parameters using the NEWS questionnaire. The study establishes associations between the participants’ physical activity, mediated by their subjective attitude towards the infrastructure parameters, and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, abdominal obesity, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Results. The present study demonstrates a direct impact of the infrastructure parameters from the NEWS scales on the reduction in the participants’ physical activity: B (accessibility of infrastructure facilities) [OR = 1,51]; D (pedestrian accessibility) [OR = 1,52]; E (environment in the vicinity) [OR = 1,55]; H (satisfaction with living conditions) [OR = 1,37]. In the group of individuals with low physical activity, characteristics of the area of residence combined into scales B [OR = 1,44], D [OR = 1,43], and F [OR = 1,30] were associated with hypertension; B [OR = 1,42] and [OR = 1,53], C [OR = 1,39] and [OR = 1,37], D [OR = 1,43] and [OR = 1,32] respectively — with obesity and its abdominal type; B [OR = 1,65] and D [OR = 1,41] — with dyslipidemia. Conclusions. The formed sample of the Kemerovo Region associates an increase in cardiovascular risk factors with the low physical activity of the population and its subjective attitude to the social characteristics (infrastructure parameters) of the area of residence.

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