Arterial hypertension and periodontitis: key aspects of comorbidity

Hypertension and periodontitis are one of the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide. Hypertension is a key cardiovascular risk factor. In the recent studies, the role of periodontitis in cardiovascular pathology was also proven, However, the relation between these diseases is disputable. The review aims at investigation and systematization of the available evidence about the association between hypertension and periodontitis and the potential underlying mechanisms. We demonstrate that hypertension and periodontitis are co-morbidities, and their interrelation remains significant even when other confounders are considered. Age and the acitivity of periodontitis modify the interrelation, and the key mechanisms include inflammation and oxidative stress leading to the deterioration of vascular function and structure. On the other hand, hypertension-related hemodynamic changes can lead to bone and vascular remodeling of the parodentium which maintains local inflammation. Just a few studies assess the effects of the treatment of periodontitis on blood pressure (BP) levels. The results confirm that the assessment of parodentium and specific treatment (when required) can improve BP control. The individual and population cardiovascular effects of treatment of parodentium pathology should be assessed in complex cardiovascular examination.

hypertension, periodontitis, blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, oxidative stress

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