Артериальная гипертензия и когнитивные нарушения: причины и механизмы возникновения

Известно, что при артериальной гипертензии (АГ) развиваются значительные изменения в структуре сосудов головного мозга. Существует тесная зависимость между функциональной активностью нейронов и интенсивностью их кровоснабжения. Сосудистая деменция — гетерогенная группа заболеваний, обусловленных патологией нейронов, глии и сосудов. Наиболее типичными проявлениями патологии мозга при сосудистой деменции являются когнитивные расстройства — нарушение памяти, способности к обучению, отсутствие собственного мнения, нарушение эмоционального контроля и социального поведения. В статье приводятся литературные данные об организации церебрального кровообращения и характере его изменений при АГ. Анализируются причины, приводящие к гипоперфузии мозга при повышенном артериальном давлении. Описываются механизмы, обусловливающие когнитивные нарушения у людей с АГ. Освещается вопрос о тактике врача по отношению к пациентам с АГ и когнитивными нарушениями: «Насколько нужно снижать артериальное давление?».

артериальная гипертензия, церебральное кровообращение, сосудистая деменция, когнитивные нарушения

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