Модель здорового поведения, основанная на транскультурной теории по оказанию сестринской медицинской помощи для профилактики сердечно-сосудистых осложнений у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией

Актуальность. Артериальная гипертензия (АГ) — «молчаливый убийца», и в отсутствие должного лечения может приводить к сердечно-сосудистыми осложнениям (ССО) вплоть до летального исхода. Несмотря на развитие превентивных подходов, поведение пациентов с АГ в отношении профилактики ССО остается неоптимальным. Цель исследования — разработать модель здорового поведения на основании транскультурной теории по оказанию сестринской медицинской помощи для профилактики ССО у пациентов с АГ. Материалы и методы. Данное исследование является кросс-секционным. Всего было включено 130 участников, соответствовавших критериям включения/исключения. Предлагаемая модель включает 7 переменных, а именно: факторы, связанные с пациентом; культурные факторы, факторы, связанные со службой оказания медицинской помощи; сопровождение, переговоры, реструктурирование и профилактика ССО. Данные были собраны с помощью опросника, который ранее был валидирован и продемонстрировал надежные результаты. Анализ результатов был проведен с использованием метода моделирования, «метода частичных наименьших квадратов» (the Structural Equation Modeling — Partial Least Square, SEM-PLS). Результаты. По результатам критерия R-квадрата, вклад факторов, связанных с пациентом, культурных факторов и факторов, связанных со службой оказания медицинской помощи, составил 50,4 % в сопровождение, 34,7 % — в переговоры, и 23,3 % — в реструктурирование. Более того, вклад сопровождения, переговоров и реструктурирования в профилактику ССО у пациентов с АГ составил 58,7 %. Согласно результатам Q2 теста прогностической значимости показатель составил > 0. Выводы. Факторы, связанные с пациентом, культурные факторы, факторы, связанные со службой оказания медицинской помощи, влияют на показатели сопровождения, переговоров и реструктурирования при применении мер по профилактике ССО у пациентов с АГ. Модель здорового поведения, разработанная в этом исследовании, обладает хорошей прогностической значимостью, что свидетельствует о том, что эта модель является перспективной с точки зрения преодоления бремени АГ и внедрения мер по профилактике ССО.

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