The analysis of ventrolateral medulla morpho-functional and neurochemical organization is the aim of this survey. The date on the system of activation and inhibition of the spinal cord vasomotor neurons is represented. In addition, we discuss the role of catecholamines, substance P, glutamate, gamma-aminobutiric acid as neuromediators in the regulation of circulation.

The paper is dedicated to methods to assess sympathetic activity in humans and role of simpathetic nervous system in development and progression of arterial hypertension. The impact of simpathetic overactivity into blood pressure elevation is discussed as consequences of sympathetic overactivity from target organ damage, metabolic disorders and long-term prognosis.

There are about 150 million patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the world and their number will double by 2025. The occurrence of a complete clinical picture of type DM follows a period of glucose intolerance (GI). Enhancing insulin sensitivity and thus affecting GI may prevent the development of type 2 DM and reduce a risk of cardiovascular events. Acarbose (glucobay) is one of the drugs that affect insulin resistance. In the Stop-NDDM study enrolled patients with NI and obesity treated with acarbose for 3 years, the relative risk of type 2 DM decreased by 25% as compared with that in the placebo group. Active therapy caused a reduction in the relative risk of myocardial infarction by 91%, myocardial revascularization procedures by 39%, cerebrovascular disorders and stroke by 44%, and cardiovascular death by 45%.

We examined 76 ischemic heart disease patients with arterial hypertension and a left ventricle hypertrophy. All patients had cardiovascular tests, heart rate variability examination, integral rheography examination in rest and at orthostatic test. Patients divided into two groups on character of left ventricle hypertrophy. The ischemic heart disease patients with concentric left ventricle hypertrophy differed from patients with eccentric left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) more long current of ischemic heart disease and hypertension, had in rest higher activation of sympathetic link autonomic nervous system and higher level of peripheral vascular resistance. However activation of sympathetic nervous system was more expressed at patients with eccentric LVH at orthostatic test and this activation was kept in rest after orthostatic test, that shows lower compensation of these patients.

There were investigated 112 young males with mild arterial hypertension (MAH). 60 patients had borderline AH (BAH) and 5 2 ones had the I-st stage AH. Using 24-h blood pressure monitoring they were divided into groups with labile and stable hypertensive syndrom (HS). There was studied secretion of epinephrine (E)₁ norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and prolactine (PRL) during bicycle ergometric test (BET) in patients with different HS. In response to the BET MAH-patients with labile HS demonstrated significant increase of E, NE, DA secretion. MAH-patients with stabile HS reacted by the considerable rise of E, NE, PRL levels in blood. DA and PRL secretions were correlated by strong negative connection.

Comparative evaluation of psycho-emotional exercise test «mathematical score» and isometric stress in diagnostic of stressdependent cardiohemodynamic changes in patients with essential arterial hypertension.During the examination of 78 patients with I—III stages of Essential Hypertension and Arterial Hypertension of "white coat" (62 males, 16 female with mean age, 40,2±3,0 years) - free from antihypertensioh regular therapy was made an analysis of ultrasound heard study at rest and against a background of modeling mental stress, isometric stress. We investigated heart rate, blood pressure, ejection fraction of left ventricular, common vascular resistance, volume blood circulation per minute, diastolic function of left ventricular and stressreactivity level. It was revealed, that Arterial Hypertension of "white coat" patients show increase of stressreactivity, heart rate, blood pressure, ejection fraction of left ventricular, common vascular resistance, volume blood circulation per minute during mental stress more then during isometric stress. We found that Essential Hypertension patients had cardiohemodynamic changes during isometric stress more than during mental stress. We found that diastolic disfunction meets during both tests with decrease E/A < I of Essential Hypertension and Arterial Hypertension of "white coat" patients. We discovered, that impact of myocardial diastolic disfunction is an early marker of disadaptation cardiohemodynamic changes in patients with essential arterial hypertension.

In chloralose anesthetized and paralyzed spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) a somatosympathetic reflex in the cervical sympathetic trunk elicited by a single electrical shock to forelimb afferent fibres in the median nerve was recorded. It has been shown that the somatosympathetic reflex consists of two responses and following silent period. The А-response evoked by the somatic myelinated afferent fibres stimulation, and C-respon.se elicited by the both stimulation of myelinated and unmyelinated afferent fibres. The silent period occurred with the myelinated fibres stimulation. Its duration was proportional to the electrical shock amplitude. The А-response consisted of four waves, the three of them formed early and late responses.